Writing a Literature Review and Proposal From Cone and Foster (1993)

Writing a Literature Review and Proposal From Cone and Foster (1993)

General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review Introduce the literature review by pointing out the major research topic that will be discussed Identify the broad problem area but don’t be too global (for example, discussing the history of education when the topic is on specific instructional strategy) Discuss the general importance of your topic for those in your field

General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review Don’t attempt to cover everything written on your topic You will need to pick out the research most relevant to the topic you are studying You will use the studies in your literature review as “evidence” that your research question is an important one

General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review It is important to cover research relevant to all the variables being studied. Research that explains the relationship between these variables is a top priority. You will need to plan how you will structure your literature review and write from this plan.

Organizing Your Literature Review Topical Order—organize by main topics or issues; emphasize the relationship of the issues to the main “problem” Chronological Order—organize the literature by the dates the research was published Problem-Cause-Solution Order— Organize the review so that it moves

Organizing Your Literature Review General-to-Specific Order—(Also called the funnel approach) Examine broad-based research first and then focus on specific studies that relate to the topic Specific-to-General Order—Try to make discuss specific research studies so conclusions can be drawn

Organizing Your Literature Review Known-to-Unknown Order—Examine the current literature about the problem and then identify at the end what still is not known Comparison-and-Contrast Order— Show how research studies are similar to and different from each other

Literature Review After reviewing the literature, summarize what has been done, what has not been done, and what needs to be done Remember you are arguing your point of why your study is important! Then pose a formal research question or state a hypothesis—be sure this is clearly linked to your literature review

Literature Review All sources cited in the literature review should be listed in the references To sum, a literature review should include introduction, summary and critique of journal articles, justifications for your research project and the hypothesis for your research project

Common Errors Made in Lit Reviews Review isn’t logically organized Review isn’t focused on most important facets of the study Review doesn’t relate literature to the study Too few references or outdated references cited Review isn’t written in author’s own words Review reads like a series of disjointed summaries Review doesn’t argue a point

Writing the Literature Review Plagiarism includes (Galvan, pg. 89): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Using another writer’s words without proper citation Using another writer’s ideas without proper citation Citing a source but reproducing the exact word without quotation marks Borrowing the structure of another author’s phrases/sentences without giving the source Borrowing all or part of another student’s paper Using paper-writing service or having a friend write the paper

Writing the proposal The proposal includes all the sections in a literature review and— A methodology section Proposed statistical analyses (if possible) References section (APA style or other style manual)