TOOL-532T Using Windows Runtime With C++ Herb Sutter Partner

TOOL-532T Using Windows Runtime With C Herb Sutter Partner Architect Microsoft Corporation www.buildwindows.com

Agenda Overview Language Libraries Q&A www.buildwindows.com

Overview

Windows 8 Metro style Apps Cor Cor e e System System Services Services Model Model Controlle Controlle rr Vie Vie w w XAML www.buildwindows.com C C Desktop Apps HTML / CSS C# VB JavaScript (Chakra) WinRT APIs Communicatio n & Data Graphics & Media Application Model HTML JavaScri pt C C C# VB Internet Explore r Win3 2 .NE T/ SL Devices & Printing Windows Core OS Services

C in a Metro style World Overview Metro style Applications (Hybrid) HTML5 JS front-end C components XAML UI Applications XAML interface C code behind Metro style Games DirectX & C www.buildwindows.com

demo Magical Music Vikas Bhatia Program Manager Windows C www.buildwindows.com

C for Windows Runtime Overview Set of language extensions and libraries to allow direct consumption and authoring of Windows Runtime types. Strongly-typed system for Windows Runtime Automatically reference counted Exception-based Deep integration with STL Well defined binary contract across module boundaries www.buildwindows.com

C Component Extensions BINDINGS TO FOREIGN TYPE SYSTEMS (C /CX) Key Bindings Feature Summary 1. Data Types ref class Reference type value class Value type interface class Interface property Property with get/set event “Delegate property” with add/remove/raise delegate Type-safe function pointer generic Type-safe generics gcnew Garbage-collected allocation ref new Reference-counted allocation Strong pointer (“hat” or “handle”) % Strong reference 2. Allocation 3. Pointer & Reference

WinRT Types: For Cross-Language Use C/C External Surface for native callers/callees WinRT External Surface for WinRT callers/callees Module Internals written in C www.buildwindows.com

C for Windows Runtime delegate void CarouselInitDoneHandler(IUIAnimationVariable rotation); void CarouselAnimation::Initialize(double angle, CarouselInitDoneHandler callback) { // Create Animation Manager using namespace Engine::Graphics; UIAnimationManager animationManager; // Create rotation animation variable IUIAnimationVariable rotation animationManager.CreateAnimationVariable(angle); // Set the event handler for the story board rotation- GetCurrentStoryBoard()- SetStoryBoardEventHandler( ref new CarouselStoryBoardHandler(this, CarouselAnimation::StoryBoard) ); } // Invoke the callback when done callback(rotation);

Language

Lifetime Management Handle ( ) is a pointer to a Windows Runtime object for which the compiler performs automatic reference counting ref new instantiates or activates a Windows Runtime class. Person p; { Person p2 ref new Person(); // refcount 1 p2- Name “John”; // refcount 1 p p2; // refcount 2 } // refcount 1 www.buildwindows.com p nullptr; // refcount 0; Person()

Runtime Class Defining public ref class Person { public: Person(String name, String email); void Greet(Person other); internal: Person(); void SetPassword(const std::wstring& passwd); }; ABI-safe cross-language class Public methods restricted to WinRT typed parameters Private/internal methods can use any legal C type parameters Using Person p ref new Person(“John Surname”); p- Greet(ref new Person(“Jim Surename”); www.buildwindows.com

Interface Defining public interface class IAnimal { void Play(); }; Methods are implicitly public Using IAnimal animal ref new Cat(); animal- Play(); www.buildwindows.com Inheriting public interface class IFeline : IAnimal { void Scratch(); }; Implementing ref class Cat : IFeline { public: virtual void Play(); virtual void Scratch(); }; Public inheritance only

Automatic Lifetime (Stack, Member) Defining public ref class DatabaseConnection { public: DatabaseConnection(); }; Using { DatabaseConnection db(); db.SetName( “Employees”); // // lots of queries, updates, etc. // } // DatabaseConnection() www.buildwindows.com

Property Defining Trivial properties (with private backing store) public: property String Name; User defined properties public: property Person Sibling { Person get() { InitSiblings(); return sibling; } void set(Person value) { sibling value; NotifySibling(); } } private: Person sibling; Using Person p ref new Person(“John”); p- Sibling ref new Person(p- Name); www.buildwindows.com

Delegate Declaring: like a function public delegate void PropertyChanged( String propName, String propValue ); Instantiating: like a class From lambda: auto p ref new PropertyChanged( [](String pn, String pv) { cout pn ” “ pv; } ); From free-function auto p ref new PropertyChanged( UIPropertyChanged ); From class-member auto p ref new PropertyChanged( this, MainPage::OnPropertyChanged ); Invoking: like a function p( “Visible”, false ); www.buildwindows.com

Event Defining Trivial event (with private backing store) public: event PropertyChanged OnPropertyChanged; User defined event public: event PropertyChanged OnNetworkChanged { EventRegistrationToken add(PropertyChanged ); void remove(EventRegistrationToken t); void raise(String , String ); } Using Subscribing person- OnPropertyChanged propertyChangedDelegate; auto token person- OnPropertyChanged::add(propertyChangedDelegate); Unsubscribing person- OnPropertyChanged - token; person- OnPropertyChanged::remove(token); www.buildwindows.com

Exception E OUTOFMEMORY E INVALIDARG OutOfMemoryException InvalidArgumentExceptio n InvalidCastException NullReferenceException NotImplementedExceptio n AccessDeniedException FailureException OutOfBoundsException ChangedStateException ClassNotRegisteredExcep tion DisconnectedException OperationCanceledExcep tion Signaling an error case: throw exception throw ref new InvalidArgumentException(); throw ref new COMException(E *); E ACCESSDENIED E FAIL E BOUNDS E CHANGED STATE REGDB E CLASSNOT REG E DISCONNECTED E ABORT Handling an error case: catch exception Exception E NOINTERFACE E POINTER E NOTIMPL HRESULT try { } catch (OutOfMemoryException ex) { } Access HRESULT value via ex- HResult Notes on exceptions: catch (Platform::Exception ) catches all WinRT exceptions Exceptions don’t carry any state and don’t travel across modules Deriving from an exception class is ill-formed www.buildwindows.com

Generics Defining generic typename T, typename U public interface class IPair { property T First; property U Second; }; Using IPair String , Uri uri GetUri(); auto first uri- First; // type is String auto second uri- Second; // type is Uri www.buildwindows.com Implementing ref class PairStringUri: IPair String , Uri { public: property String First; property Uri Second; };

Template Runtime Class Defining template typename T, typename U ref class Pair: IPair T, U { public: property T First; property U Second; Pair(T first, U second) { First first; Second second; } }; Using IPair String , Uri pair ref new Pair String , Uri ( “//BUILD/”, ref new Uri(“http://www.buildwindows.com”)); www.buildwindows.com

.winmd metadata .winmd files Contain the metadata representation of WinRT types To consume a winmd file: Right click on project in Solution Explorer References Add New Reference #using Company.Component.winmd Or Make sure the winmd and implementation dll is packaged together with your application To produce a .winmd file: Start from the “C WinRT Component Dll” template Define public types (ref classes, interfaces, delegates, etc.) Tip: C WinRT components can be consumed from C , JS or C# www.buildwindows.com

Partial Runtime Class Partial class definition private partial ref class MainPage: UserControl, IComponentConnector { public: void InitializeComponent(); void Connect() { btn1- Click ref new EventHandler(this, &MainPage::Button Click); } }; Class definition ref class MainPage { public: MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); } void Button Click(Object sender, RoutedEventArgs e); }; www.buildwindows.com

Libraries

Vector and ObservableVector Instantiating using namespace Platform; Vector String items ref new Vector String (); Adding elements items- Append(“Hello”); Returning a read-only view of the vector IVectorView String GetItems () { return items- GetView(); } Getting notification for changes items- VectorChanged ref new VectorChangedEventHandler String (this, &MyClass::VectorChanged); www.buildwindows.com

Map and ObservableMap Defining using namespace Platform; Map String , Uri favorites ref new Map String , Uri (); Adding elements favorites- Insert(“MSDN”, ref new Uri(“http://msdn.com”)); Checking and removing elements if (favorites- HasKey(“MSDN”)) favorites- Remove(“MSDN”); www.buildwindows.com

Library Integration: STL STL Algorithms String has Begin()/End() member methods. For WinRT collections, collection.h defines begin() and end() functions. IVector int v GetItems(); int sum 0; std::for each( begin(v), end(v), [&sum](int element) { sum element; } ); www.buildwindows.com Conversions String std::wstring (via wchar t*) Vector std::vector std::vector int v; v.push back(10); auto items ref new Vector int (v); Vector std::vector Vector int items ; std::vector int v to vector(items); Map std::map

For more information RELATED SESSIONS 100: Improving Software Quality Using Visual Studio 11 C Code Analysis Rong Lu 479: A Lap Around Visual Studio 11 Express for Metro style Apps Using C Vikas Bhatia, Joanna Mason 761: A Lap Around DirectX Game Development Tools Boris Jabes 802: Taming GPU Compute with C AMP Daniel Moth 835: Writing Modern C Code: How C has evolved over the years Herb Sutter 845: Tips and Tricks for Developing Metro style Apps Using C Tarek Madkour www.buildwindows.com ONLINE TALKS ON CHANNEL 9 Bringing Existing C Code into Metro style Apps Ale Contenti Under the Covers with C for Metro style Apps Deon Brewis Building Metro style apps with HTML5 and Compiled Code Raman Sharma

Q&A

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