Tishk International University Department of Business and

Tishk International University Department of Business and Management BUS 445 Public Administration Public Administration 4th Grade Summer Semester 2019-2020 Lecturer Dr Paiman Ramazan

What public administration means? Public administration consists of all those operations having for their purpose the fulfillment of public policy. ( L. D. White). Public administration is the art and science of management as applied to the affairs of the state. (Waldo). Public administration means the activities of the executive branches of the national, state and local governments. (Simon).

Nature and scope of Public Administration Public Administration is a newly emerged discipline compare to other Social Science’s discipline. Public Administration has gained significance with the emergence of Administrative state. In Ancient Greek, Roman and Indian political system gave more importance to the concept of Administration. The word Administration has been derived from the Latin words ‘ad’ and ‘ministiare’ which means to serve. Generally it means management of affairs or looking after the people. Two Aspects of PA: 1- All the activities of the government whether falling in the sphere of legislature, executive or judicial branch of the government, 2- Specifically: Public Administration is concerned with the activities of the executive branch only.

Introducing the Public Administration Public administration is the implementation of government policy and academic discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public service. Public Administration is government in action, the management of public affairs or the implementing of public policies.

Public Administration is both direct and indirect A- it is direct when government employees provide service to the public as varied as mortgage insurance, mail delivery, and electricity. B- it is indirect when government pays private contractors to provide goods or services to citizens.

POSDCORB/Functions of Public Administration P Stands for Planning O stands for organization S stands for staffing D stands for Directing Co stands for co-ordination R stands for reporting B stands for Budgeting

Public Administration Nature Is co-operative group effort in a public setting Covers all three branches executive, legislative, and judicial powers and their inter-relationships Have an important role in the formulation of public policy and it thus a part of the political process. Is different in significant ways from private administration Is closely associated with numerous private groups and individuals in providing services to the community.

There are two broad views regarding the nature of public administration A-The Integral view: administration is the sum total of all activities-manual, clerical, technical, managerical .etc. This means public administration comprises all types of operations undertaken by all persons ranging from the lowest to the highest for implementing public policies. B- The Managerial View: Administration comprises the work of only those persons who are engaged in performing managerial functions in an organization. Here PA focus on the planning, organizing, directing, controlling and coordinating of government operations.

There are many other reasons also contribute the scope of Public Administration Development of Communication and Technology The Development of Neo-Liberal State The concept of Participatory Development Good Governance. E-Governance Environmental concerns Human rights approach New Social Movements and State

The importance of Public Administration The important of public administration derives from its crucial role in the governing of a society. Separation of powers to avoid the conflict of fractions Defining the public problems and considering public interest as priority of government affairs Public Administration would bear the blame for many perceived governmental weaknesses while being expected to herald positive changes in administrative patterns. Contributes to improving the quality of work-life and increase employee and agency productivity besides organizational development.

The scope of Public Administration between the followers of the traditional and modern views 1- The Traditional View: Here they restrict PA to the executive branch only. PA covers primarily the organization, personnel, practices and procedures essential to effective performance of the civilian functions entrusted to the executive branch of government. 2- The Modern View: Modern writers broadened the PA scope to all three branches of government executive, judicial, legislative. They think that all branches affect and shape public administration. For example: judiciary has power to restrain public administrators from unconstitutional, illegal and arbitrary acts.

The principles of Public Administration Authority Political direction Discipline Efficiency Responsibility Social necessity Public relationship Division of labor Economy Organization Evaluation Research Hierarchy Confidence

Advantages of the Study of Public Administration Essential for preserving law and order Development of concept of welfare state Essential for social harmony Essential of administrative stability Essential for preserving civilization Agent of progress and change

Public and private Administration/Similarities Similarities between the two branches: Both are bound to be quick and efficient Both realise the necessity of providing security to staff Both feel that there is always scope for improvement both realise the necessity of contact with the masses Both are supposed to work in accordance with certain laws and fixed standards. Both to see the staff’s welfare is not ignored. There is certain hierarch and administration set up in which both are supposed to work Both the public and private sector administrators can replace each other.

Public and private Administration/Dissimilarities There are Many differences but we just few In public administration influence of politicians is much more than what it is in the private administration The field of activity of public administration is much broader than of private administrator A public administration is not exclusively guided by profit motives whereas private administrator is positively guided by such motives.

Public and private Administration/Dissimilarities Public sector is subject to very extensive financial control while private sector administrator is subject to no such control Uniformity of conduct and behavior is quality of public as against private sector administration A public administrator is required to handle very important jobs as compare with an administrator compared to private administrator. Public sector administrator is always subject to criticism of press and platform whereas a private administrator faces less criticism. There is much of re-tapism in public sector

Books Used Naidu, S. P. (1996). Public Administration: Concepts And Theories, New Delhi, India, New Age. Jayapalan, N. (2000). Public Administration, New Delhi, India, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. Michael E. Milakovich, George J. Gordon, (2013). Public Administration in America, Boston, USA, Wadsworth.

Thank you questions and comments