Theories of International Relations    Realism Idealism

Theories of International Relations Realism Idealism (Liberalism) Constructivism

Realism I Power: the ability to influence others Irrelevance of morality and ethics and law Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) Irrelevance of domestic political systems Why is power the only thing that matters? Human nature Anarchic world: no rules

Realism II All nations are self-reliant To preserve peace use Balance of Power US vs. USSR in Cold War US—China—Japan in East Asia Unipolarity cannot last Nations will balance against US power

England’s Balancing Act England Russia Germany France Hungary Prussia/ Austria-

The Cold War Balance of Power 1945-1990 Israel Ethiopia Taiwan S. Korea S. Viet Nam W. Berlin W. Germany Syria/Egypt Somalia China N. Korea N. Viet Nam E. Berlin E. Germany Britain/France/Japan Poland/Czech US USSR

Unipolar World EU Japan Russia China India US

What is Power? Persuasion/Influence Capabilities Three Categories of Power? Hard Power Soft Power Sharp Power

Hard Power Military Capability

Hard Power Wealth and Resources

Hard Power

Hard Power: Geography

Soft Power: Education

Soft Power: Political Unity/Stability

Soft Power? Shanghai, China

Soft Power? Jaipur, India

Soft Power? Thailand Korea Algeria South

Soft Power?

Hard or Soft Power?

Hard or Soft Power? : Information

Sharp Power

Idealism/Liberalism I Power is not the only thing that matters States have common interests and common values Trade is the key common interest

Idealism/Liberalism II Global Marketplace Interdependence Desire for rules Desire for predictability and stability International system is based on laws (Treaties) and institutions (UN, WTO) International law

UN General Assembly, New York

International Court of Justice, The Hague, Netherlands

WTO, Geneva

International Law Sovereignty Voluntary Choosing cooperation over rivalry Multilateral Treaties Depository

Constructivism I Nation-states are not all alike Political culture shapes foreign policy Form of government shapes foreign policy History shapes foreign policy Domestic political trends and debates shape foreign policy

Constructivism II States have identity State identity influences the way states interact with each other Examples: China sensitivity to any policies of other states that threaten its unity and sovereignty US desire to transform the world

Russian fear of invasion

China 21 Century st

China: Qing Dynasty 1644-1911

China: Colonized

US: Woodrow Wilson, 1917 “The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made as secure as the faith and the freedom of nations can make them. “

US: GW Bush, 2005 “And we have declared our own intention: America will stand with the allies of freedom to support democratic movements in the Middle East and beyond, with the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world. “