Stepping into Graduate School in Psychology APRIL 1, 2021

Stepping into Graduate School in Psychology APRIL 1, 2021

Types of Graduate Programs in Psychology Dr. Arturo Hernandez Professor of Clinical Psychology

Where do I begin? Graduate study is a major commitment First, understand the different types of degrees and what each entails Consider how different degrees align with your individual career goals

Which areas of psychology interest you most? Clinical School Industrial/Organizational Counseling Social/Personality Community Developmental Health/Pediatric Cognitive Forensic Behavioral Neuroscience Behavioral Analysis

Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology focuses on understanding, diagnosing and treating mental disorders including substance abuse, depression, anxiety, autism, etc. Clinical psychologists are doctors trained both to conduct research and provide assessment and treatment services. They develop, administer and interpret cognitive and personality tests, diagnose mental illness, design, test, and implement treatments. Psychologists are also experts in psychometrics, or psychological measurement. They develop and administer tests to evaluate cognitive ability or mental status.

Types of Mental Health Practitioners Psychologists – clinical, counseling, school Counselors/therapists Social Workers Psychiatrists

Types of Mental Health Providers Psychologists Doctoral Degree in Psychology (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) Counselors/therapists Master’s Degree in one of several fields including psych, social work, education Psychiatrists Medical Doctor (M.D.) Social Workers Master’s (or Doctorate) in Social Work

Clinical Psychologist vs Master’s level Therapist Degree Years of Training Focus of Training Primary Work Settings Need to be licensed? Psychologist (Ph.D.) Therapist Doctoral 5-7 Research, Teaching, and Practice University Research Institutes Private/ Group Practice Community MH Centers Medical Centers Government and Health Agencies Maybe Masters 2-3 Practice Private/Group Practice Group Practice Community MH Centers Medical Centers Yes

PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) The PsyD degree was developed in the late 1970’s as an alternative to a PhD in clinical psychology A PsyD is intended for those interested solely in practicing psychology These programs require fewer research and statistics courses and may not require a final dissertation research study A PhD is intended for those interested in generating new knowledge through scientific research, teaching, and/or practicing psychology These programs include multi-focused training that prepares students to work in a broader range of settings and roles.

Psy.D. vs. Ph.D. Psy.D. Ph.D. Years of Training Focus of Training 4-6 Practice Funded during school? Typical annual costs No 25,000 - 60,000 Typical debt upon graduation % applicants offered admission Setting 200,000 5-7 Research, Teaching, Practice Yes 0 - tuition waiver plus stipend for teaching or doing research 50,000 50% or more 2-10% For profit professional schools Narrow Universities Career Options More Broad

What can Clinical Psychologists do? Research generate new knowledge Teaching undergraduate, graduate and professional level Program Development and Evaluation Community-based prevention programs Inpatient treatment protocols Consultation Clinical, medical, forensic, etc. Clinical Practice

Things to consider about a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology Make sure program is APA accredited Very competitive Need to plan ahead - excel academically, acquire research training, strong letters of support Mentored training Students work with an individual faculty member- good matches are based on shared research or clinical interests Completion of a masters thesis and doctoral dissertation under the supervision of a mentor

Things to consider about a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology Includes ongoing clinical training Culminating with a one year full-time internship Focus is on conducting research Designing studies, collecting data, analyzing results and publishing findings in scientific journals You will not be allowed to work outside of your PhD program You wont have time anyway!

Counseling Psychology Programs train students to become professional practitioners of psychology, working in a variety of counseling settings. Clinical psychologists study and treat mental health disorders, whereas counseling psychologists focus career issues, life transitions and overall well being Training is very similar to Ph.D. in clinical psychology Similar in length, research and clinical training, thesis and dissertation requirements, and culminating with a one year full-time internship

School Psychology School psychologists primarily work in public school setting to: Assist educators in implementing effective learning environments Conduct research about effective instruction, behavior management, alternative school programs, and interventions Assess and evaluate children’s school-related problems and needs Intervene directly with students through individual counseling, support groups, and skills training A master's degree and state licensure are required for entry-level school psychology positions. Students with interests in conducting research or teaching at the university level need a doctoral degree.

Masters in Counseling Many types of programs in this category Typically a two year degree Master of Education (MEd) in Counseling: programs are typically designed to develop skills relevant to a wide range of careers in social service and mental health agencies. Masters in Counseling Psychology: programs prepare graduates for research, teaching and/or counseling in a variety of settings. Masters in School Psychology: programs prepare students to work in schools or private practices with a focus on academic testing.

Doctoral programs in the Houston area (accredited) Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology UH (Department of Psychology) Sam Houston State University Texas Tech University Ph.D. in School Psychology UH (Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences) Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology UH (Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences) Texas Tech University Psy.D. in Health Service Psychology UH Clearlake - combined clinical/school program Psy.D. in Counseling Psychology Our Lady of the Lake University

Social Psychology The field of social psychology is concerned with understanding individual behavior in a social context. The work of social psychologists allows us to better understand how group dynamics influence our choices and actions, and provides insight into how our social perceptions affect our interactions with others. Example topics examined include personality, social cognition, group processes, prejudice and discrimination, attitudes, conformity, and stereotypes Social psychologists most often work at academic institutions, but may also work for government agencies, non-profit organizations, hospitals, and private companies.

I/O Psychology Industrial/organizational psychology focuses on studying human behavior in organizations and the work place. I/O psychologists address issues related to recruitment, selection, training, performance eval, workplace motivation and reward systems, quality of work life, and consumer behavior. Most I/O psychologists work in organizational and workplace settings (manufacturing, commercial enterprises, labor unions and health care facilities). They may also work as independent consultants, called into an organization to solve a particular problem. Other I/O psychologists hold academic positions in colleges and universities.

Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology is focuses on the study of mental processes such as attention, language, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking that impact behavior. Cognitive psychologists conduct experiments to understand how the human mind takes in, processes, acts upon, and recalls inputs received from the outside world. Many practical applications - Information gained in this area is used in applied fields of psychology (clinical, social) and in the creation of educational materials and software design. Cognitive psychologists work at colleges and universities, government agencies, corporate businesses and in private consulting.

Developmental Psychology Developmental psychology focuses on how and why human beings change the ways they think, feel, and behave over the course of their life. Study a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, personality, emotional development, and identity formation. Developmental psychologists work in academic settings, government agencies, health care facilities and schools. Some developmental psychologists focus on working with a specific population such as developmentally delayed children.

Behavioral Neuroscience Behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) is the application of the principles of biology to the study of behavior. Behavioral neuroscience research conducted in non-human species (e.g., rats, monkeys) and humans Advanced techniques used in research include pharmacological manipulations, surgical procedures, electrical stimulation, fMRI, genetic mapping, etc. Direct contributions to the understanding of brain-based disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, severe depression, schizophrenia, autism, and drug abuse/alcoholism.

Graduate Programs at the University of Houston Department of Psychology (College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences) Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology Ph.D. in Social Psychology Ph.D. in I/O Psychology Ph.D. in Developmental, Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences (College of Education) Ph.D. in School Psychology Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology Master of Education in Counseling