RESEARCH CAREER DEVELOPMENT APPLYING TO PHD PROGRAMS Dr. Gail P.

RESEARCH CAREER DEVELOPMENT APPLYING TO PHD PROGRAMS Dr. Gail P. Taylor Asst. PD RISE & MARC U*STAR Fall 2019

Ideal Graduate School Candidate People with potential to enter and complete programs and rep them well Is already an accomplished researcher and integ. Into Sci. culture. (Stmt, ltrs) Has background motivators/drive (Statement, letters, Int) Can complete schoolwork (transcript, [Letters & statement if weak]) Has compatible research interests (history and/or statement, Int) Has compatible personality (LoRs and Interviews) Can think creatively/critically/analytically (LoRs, Statement, Res. Hist, Int) Devoted to/love of research (Statement, LoRs, Interview) Will contribute to their research effort (Statement, LoRs) Will be able to eventually run a lab/programs (LoRs, Interview) Will add prestige to their school (Quantity/Quality of Res, Letters) Will promote diversity at school (Letters, status) Overall, a good investment CONVEY AS MUCH OF THIS AS POSSIBLE!

How to Convey Your Credentials? Application Package – Will Determine Interview! Grades/Transcript (sent by registrar) GRE Scores Faculty Recommendations** (Very important- someone else can write your statement ). Letter and Ratings Statement(s) Research Accomplishments Successful Interview Why do you want to go? Show that you understood your research!

Mechanics of Application Season Prepare Prepare Prepare Plan schedule (Final Summer, Fall, Spring) Track Applications! Investigate schools & potential PIs Research due dates Create planning worksheet Coordinate recommenders (early) Plan General Statements Customize Statements Submit early if possible

How Many? Admissions are unpredictable Shoot for at least 9 3 – “Sure thing” 3 – Medium Level 3 – Pie in the Sky Make sure that they fit your interests!!!

Track Applications 9 schools – gets confusing Components may be missed Contacts might be forgotten PWs might be forgotten. Create Excel or other system for tracking Excel Template from program is effective

Other Hints Write other grad students in program for advice Connect to former RISE/MARC at the school Connect w Summer program people at the school Write to a general PhD student at the school Early – write to possible faculty at program

Letter Mechanics Ask early Provide personal statement, CV Provide program name Provide link to program Provide info on why you want this program Set appointment to talk to them Provide schedule of due dates Provide envelopes/stamps Gently remind as needed (they will procrastinate)

Pre-Connecting with Faculty Useful for schools where funding primarily comes from PI Can help you to pre-write a grant before arrival Can be listed in statement Research their work online Read their publications Write directly to them (Keep it brief) Personalized email note Interested in their research and graduate program Tell about you CV Curriculum track that interests you Research that interests you Ask them about possible positions Ask if projects are available in desired topics or similar

Example Contact Email (LONG) Dr. xxx , I hope your summer is going well. My name is Proactiva Estudiente, and I’m currently an undergraduate psychology student at The University of Texas at San Antonio. After reading a few of your articles, I've realized that our research interests align well. I didn’t fully understand the importance of a healthy diet and exercise regime until after setting a goal to finish a half marathon. In pursuit of this goal, I made some noticeable lifestyle changes. My friends and family began to ask me how I was able to “stick with it”. In a social cognition course that I recently took, I realized that a lot of my success probably had to do with goal formation. I’m very interested in health psychology with specific research aims in exercise and nutrition among ethnic minorities. I’m currently working on an undergraduate thesis that explores how acculturation and acculturative stress influence media internalization and body satisfaction in Mexican-Americans. It is expected that individuals who are highly acculturated to the American mainstream culture will internalize the media more and will be more dissatisfied with their bodies compared to Mexican-Americans who are less acculturated. I believe that cultural differences play an important role in most health issues. Your 2018 paper on goal-oriented imagery caught my attention. In my social cognition course we discussed how individuals differ on whether they are more approach/ideal-self oriented or avoidance/feared-self oriented based on their cultural values. It would be interesting to assess whether avoidance and approach imagery effectiveness varies among different ethnic groups. With all of this in mind, I would be interested in testing whether individuals from collectivist cultures commit to healthier diets more effectively after using avoidance-imagery rather than approach-imagery. This result would be expected given the assumption that individuals from collectivist cultures are motivated more by their fearedself rather than their ideal-self. I hope to continue studying nutrition and exercise in graduate school. With this in mind, I plan on applying to the Health Psychology Program at the University of California, Merced. I am very interested in working with you in your lab while pursuing my doctoral degree. Will you be accepting students for fall 2020 admission? If you have time, I would be happy set up a time to talk with you over the phone about how I might fit into your lab. I really appreciate your time and I look forward to hearing from you.

Result of Email: Some did not respond. Some were not taking students in Fall Several responded like: Dear Proactiva, Thank you for your email and for your interest in our research program. Your interests do indeed align well with mine and those of other graduate students in my research lab. I will be accepting students next year, and I'm happy that you will be applying to our program. It would be great if we could find a time to talk by phone. I will be travelling for much of the next 3 weeks but perhaps we can find a time in mid-July to talk? We can also wait until the academic year begins in late August if that works better for you. Best wishes, Prospective Professor

Now Personal Statement

Preparation of Statement You own story: Why do you want to attend THAT school? Your motivations for GS (and why you’ll finish) Career aspirations What makes you sure that it’s right for you Convey as many of the grad student attributes as possible! ;) Identify at least three potential faculty mentors Identify Essay Structure and Directions Start early enough to get reviews before deadline Not overnight Catch typos and grammatical problems (deadly) Tell good story

Make sure all questions addressed!!! Must be tailored to each school! Look at their requested information and feed it back to them with answers. You can even build questions into part of your reply paragraph/sentences or underline

Content All Desire: Motivators for Graduate Study Preparation for Graduate Study Research Experience Other Professional Experience (MENTION MARC/RISE, ETC!!!) Why you want to attend their program (homework needed) Terrific Resources/programs, etc., etc. Research Interests Possible Mentors Other things to address (grades, diversity, grit) Goals for Graduate Study

Structure Can be subdivided or one large statement Very commonly are asked for as a: Personal statement Statement of Research Experience Statement of Research Interests Statement of purpose Personal essay Statement of background and goals Expression of your qualities as an applicant

Possible Outline in Absence of Subdividing General Personal Statement (can be subdivided) Usually lasts 2 pages (then can tailor) – Single Spaced NOT AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY!!! Personal Goals/attributes/schooling/motivations (this part is a little autobiographical) Usually 1 to 2 paragraphs Put motivations for Grad School (personal stuff) and why they drive you Attributes (with anecdotes) Strengths (could use StrengthsQuest) Research experiences (Majority) Long – a page or more– at least 1 long paragraph. NOT TECHNIQUES ONLY! Like an abstract, but slightly less formal Intro, Role in larger project hypothesis/purpose, methods, results, discussion Implications of findings Was there a presentation, paper related to each? Awards? Why their school? School attributes that impress you Program Resources Three faculty Address Issues, Diversity, or hardships (grade in course?) Overcame stuff and has made you even more determined. Aspirations/Closing 1 short paragraph Long term goals reiterated Thank you

Not an Autobiography Expanded – Research Description – Very important! Avoid a long timeline or Autobiography Craft similar to 5 paragraph essay Personal factors/motivations in first paragraph can show progression/story of motivation. Examples. Have solid, independent research paragraphs. “I performed research in two laboratories. My primary laboratory, with Dr. at UTSA explored . I completed several projects, but my most important was . My role in project. Now approach it almost like an abstract, but a little more conversational: Intro, Hypothesis, Methods/Results, Discussion. Presentations, Awards, Publications (abstracts and papers), optional- How experience developed you as scientist My second research experience took place in the laboratory of at [Summer program site?]. Etc.

Writing Tips Avoid typos and careless mistakes Avoid generalities and cliches- give specific examples Avoid large autobiography; focus on research and future Don’t use gimmick- fake magazine article or play Don’t provide unneeded details

Personal Statements Indirectly Convey If mistakes are present Carelessness Disorganization Lack of seriousness

How Long Should a Statement be? Follow directions of program! If no directions, no more than two pages single spaced! Someone has to read

How to Start? Just write. Use questions as a guide Free writing Outline & Move sentences around Re-write! Allow time for feedback and re-writing! Multiple people. PI and people in your field important.

At the End Tie everything together.conclusion of a 5 paragraph essay! Refer back to any quotes/imagery from beginning Make a solid ending reaffirming your desire to attend their school. Thank them for their consideration.

Don’t Mention: Don’t dwell too heavily on High School experiences If taking about an inspiring person, don’t write more about them than you Avoid controversial topics Best to avoid Religion or politics Things that are illegal, excessively unusual or unconventional Mundane aspects of past research (buffers or descriptive methods)

Use Your Own words!! Focus on clarity of thought and expression Look at each sentence. Summarize it to yourself. Should you change to your summary? Longer, fancier words unnecessary; go for simple and powerful Before: "Although I did a plethora of activities in college, my assiduous efforts enabled me to succeed.“ After: "Although I juggled many activities in college, I succeeded through persistent work.“

Write tight sentences Beware wordy writing Short sentences: Forceful Direct To the point Before: "My recognition of the fact that the project was finally over was a deeply satisfying moment that will forever linger in my memory.“ After: “Completing the project gave me great satisfaction."

Refining Statement Make it will organized, relevant, concise Takes very long to write- multiple drafts, read aloud Watch your grammar checker Writing Center (keep an old copy) Give grammatically correct version to Dr. T and Mentor Final Version reviewed by mentor and others before sent in!

Statement Overall. It may take you a good while to complete, but a good statement can be considered artwork. Make sure to take the time to refine, so that you represent yourself well! Don’t get so bogged down that you don’t finish!

Finalizing Application- Double Checking Make SURE that your transcript arrives and isn’t lost Very Common. Checkbox on Tracking Excel Make sure that your letters of recommendations arrive (Nag faculty nicely) Thank people for the letters they sent! Start thinking about interviews