Research and Plagiarism Adopted from Dan Simon January 30, 2009

Research and Plagiarism Adopted from Dan Simon January 30, 2009 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Plagiarism Plagiarism: Using someone else’s words or thoughts without proper referencing Why not to plagiarize? Plagiarism is stealing Plagiarism is lying Plagiarism is cheating You will get caught eventually 2

Plagiarism Two types of plagiarism Word-for-word: Quoting directly from another work without enclosing the quote in a “quotation marks” and providing a reference Paraphrasing: Using a source without providing a reference The ECE Department’s ethics policy is available on their web site (look under the Resources Forms and Policies link) 3

Quotations Quotations require “quotation marks” and a reference to the original source If you don’t provide a reference, it is still plagiarism, even if you change the words If you don’t quote correctly or you don’t provide a reference, it is still plagiarism, even if the original source has given you permission 4

Paraphrasing Paraphrase by reading the material, setting the material aside, and rewriting it in your own words Paraphrasing still needs a reference, or else it is plagiarism 5

Plagiarism Test This plagiarism test is adapted from Indiana University Bloomington www.indiana.edu/ istd/plagiarism test.html Specify if the writing on the following pages is plagiarism. If so, is it word-for-word plagiarism or paraphrasing plagiarism? 6

Plagiarism Question 1 Original Source Material: The concept of systems is really quite simple. The basic idea is that a system has parts that fit together to make a whole; but where it gets complicated - and interesting - is how those parts are connected or related to each other. Student Version: Systems, including both business systems, and educational systems, are actually very simple. The main idea is that a system has parts that fit together to make a whole. What is interesting is how those parts are connected together. 7

Plagiarism Answer 1: Word-for-word Original Source Material: The concept of systems is really quite simple. The basic idea is that a system has parts that fit together to make a whole; but where it gets complicated - and interesting - is how those parts are connected or related to each other. Student Version: Systems, including both business systems, and educational systems, are actually very simple. The main idea is that a system has parts that fit together to make a whole. What is interesting is how those parts are connected together. 8

Plagiarism Question 2 Original Source Material: Given similarities between software design and instructional design, we argue that rapid prototyping is a viable method for instructional design, especially for computer-based instruction. Student Version: Rapid prototyping could be an advantageous methodology for developing innovative computer-based instruction (Tripp & Bichelmeyer, 1990). 9

Plagiarism Answer 2: Not plagiarism Original Source Material: Given similarities between software design and instructional design, we argue that rapid prototyping is a viable method for instructional design, especially for computer-based instruction. Student Version: Rapid prototyping could be an advantageous methodology for developing innovative computer-based instruction (Tripp & Bichelmeyer, 1990). This is not plagiarism because the student paraphrased and included a proper reference. 10

Plagiarism Question 3 Original Source Material: The study of learning derives from essentially two sources. Because learning involves the acquisition of knowledge, the first concerns the nature of knowledge and how we come to know things. Student Version: The study of learning derives from essentially two sources. The first concerns the nature of knowledge and how we come to know things [23]. 11

Plagiarism Answer 3: Word-for-word Original Source Material: The study of learning derives from essentially two sources. Because learning involves the acquisition of knowledge, the first concerns the nature of knowledge and how we come to know things. Student Version: The study of learning derives from essentially two sources. The first concerns the nature of knowledge and how we come to know things [23]. The student is correct to give a reference, but still plagiarizes due to the lack of quotation marks. 12

Plagiarism Question 4 Original Source Material: The tools available today for creating learning materials are much more powerful than those of a few years ago. Soon teachers will be able to use computer technology to produce their own materials. All it takes is time, know-how, and some funds. Student Version: Computers are so powerful that educators and students are now able to produce their own multimedia learning materials. They just need to take the time to learn to use the related technologies. 13

Plagiarism Answer 4: Paraphrasing Original Source Material: The tools available today for creating learning materials are much more powerful than those of a few years ago. Soon teachers will be able to use computer technology to produce their own materials. All it takes is time, know-how, and some funds. Student Version: Computers are so powerful that educators and students are now able to produce their own multimedia learning materials. They just need to take the time to learn to use the related technologies. The student did not properly reference the source. 14

Plagiarism Question 5 Original Source Material: Major changes are usually initiated by those in power. There is often the assumption that training will “solve the problem.” The result is that potentially effective innovations suffer misuse, or even no use, in the hands of uncommitted users. Student Version: When major changes are initiated in organizations, “. [T]here is often the implicit assumption that training will ‘solve the problem’ ” (Dormant, 1986, p. 238). 15

Plagiarism Answer 5: Not plagiarism Original Source Material: Major changes are usually initiated by those in power. There is often the assumption that training will “solve the problem.” The result is that potentially effective innovations suffer misuse, or even no use, in the hands of uncommitted users. Student Version: When major changes are initiated in organizations, “. [T]here is often the implicit assumption that training will ‘solve the problem’ ” (Dormant, 1986, p. 238). The student properly quoted and referenced the source. 16

Plagiarism When in doubt, err on the side of too many references rather than too few When in doubt, check with your professor or other who write regularly www.turnitin.com identifies plagiarism 17

Quotations Quotations must be not only technically correct, they must also convey the author’s original intent Original Source Material: “I did not have sexual relations with that woman” (Bill Clinton, January 26, 1998). Correct quote: Bill Clinton said that he “did not have sexual relations with [Monica Lewinsky].” Correct quote: Bill Clinton said that he “did not have sexual relations” with Monica Lewinsky Incorrect quote: When speaking of Monica Lewinsky, Bill Clinton admitted that he did “ have sexual relations with that woman.” 18

Quotations Original Source Material: “Read my lips: no new taxes” (George H. W. Bush, August 18, 1988). Correct quote: One of George Bush’s campaign promises was “no new taxes.” Incorrect quote: George Bush promised that he would enact “ new taxes.” 19

Conclusion Use the resources that are available Avoid plagiarism like the plague Plagiarism makes you, your coauthors, college and university look bad When in doubt, err on the side of too many references rather than too few When in doubt, check with your professor or other professionals www.turnitin.com identifies plagiarism Plagiarism is pretty easy to detect! 20