RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Resource – An essentially

RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Resource - An essentially inexhaustible energy resource on a human time scale.

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING Passive solar heating – captures sunlight directly with a structure and converts it to low-temperature heat for space heating. Advantages Disadvantages 1. save money 1. expensive for initial costs 2. create 2-5 more jobs/unit of electricity 2. aesthetically not pleasing 3. eliminate/reduce fossil fuels 3. latitude 4. less pollution 5. less environmental damage

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING Active solar heating – specially designed collectors absorb solar energy and fan/pump distributes energy to parts of a building to meet space/water heating needs. Advantages Disadvantages 1. save money 1. expensive for initial costs 2. create 2-5 more jobs/unit of electricity 2. aesthetically not pleasing 3. eliminate/reduce fossil fuels 3. latitude 4. less pollution 5. less environmental damage

ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING

SOLAR POWER TOWER Solar Power Tower –huge arrays of computer controlled mirrors that track the sun and focus sunlight on a central heat collection tower. (Mojave desert in California) Advantages Disadvantages Cost will drop as Costs 8X more to Technology improves build

SOLAR POWER TOWER

SOLAR THERMAL PLANT 1Solar Thermal Plant – sunlight is collected and focused on oil-filled pipes that run through the middle of curved solar collectors. Advantages Disadvantages 1. 1. central receivers are Can generate temperatures high enough for industrial processes 2. can supply back-up electricity 3. cheaper than nuclear expensive to operate.

SOLAR THERMAL PLANT

SOLAR COOKER 1Solar Cooker – focuses and concentrates sunlight in a box typically covered in glass to trap infrared radiation waves to cook food in rural villages in developing countries. Advantages Does not reduce deforestation Disadvantages 2-4 hours to cook average meal.

SOLAR COOKER

SOLAR HYDROGEN Solar-Hydrogen – Water can be split into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen. It is in its infancy. So far we can create fuel cells where hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce an electrical current, but it is difficult to store enough hydrogen gas in a fuel tank for very long. Politics and economics are “holding up” this technology. R&D from government needed. must convince energy companies and investors to into this type of power and phase out fossil fuels. must convince public to change over. Not Yet!

SOLAR HYDROGEN

HYDROPOWER 1. Hydroelectric power plants – A dam is built across a large river to create a reservoir. The higher the head, the greater the amount of power that can be generated. Water is stored in a reservoir during low electricity production. Water is released and flows are controlled as electricity demands peak. Water spins the turbines in the “powerhouse”. Electricity is distributed to end user. Examples – Aswan High Dam (Egypt) and Colorado River Basin (USA/Mexico) Advantages Disadvantages 1. Moderate to high energy yield 1. create floods 2. low operating/maintenance costs 3. low air pollution 2. destroys habitats 3. uproots people 4. 2-10 times longer life than othe 4. 2-10 x longer lifespan than other pesticides/algicides used 5. Power sources 5. Decreases fish 4.

HYDROPOWER Hoover Dam

HYDROPOWER Aswan High Dam

TIDAL POWER 1Tidal Power- power created from tidal energy Advantages Disadvantages 1. tidal energy spins turbines 1. few suitable sites 2. Construction costs high

TIDAL POWER

BIOMASS Biomass – organic matter in plants produced through photosynthesis and can be burned directly as a solid fuel or converted into a gas or liquid fuel. 1. Burning wood 2. Agricultural Waste 3. a. Bagasse (sugar cane residue) b. Straw Urban Waste (WTE) a. burning garbage 4. Biofuels a. Biogas – a mixture of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. b. Liquid ethanol- (grain alcohol) – sugar grain; mix gasoline ethanol gasohol which can burned in conventional gasoline engines (super-unleaded)

BIOMASS WOOD BAGASSE GARBAG E SUGAR CANE BIOGAS

BIOMASS Advantages Disadvantages 1. potentially renewable resource 1. removal of trees depletes soil nutrients 2. less air pollutants released 2. soil erosion (turbidity) 3. decrease in use of fossil fuels 3. flooding 4. moderate-high net energy yield 4. loss of wildlife habitats 5. large land areas needed 6. heavy pesticide/fertilizer use 7. reduces biodiversity 8. reduces ecological integrity

GEOTHERMAL Geothermal Energy - Heat contained in underground rocks and fluid that can be tapped for energy. Extract dry steam, wet steam or hot water and can be used to heat space or water. “Potentially renewable resource” 22 countries currently use geothermal, it supplies 1% of world energy. In the USA (44% geothermal energy produced worldwide) geothermal electricity is produced mostly in Hawaii, California, Nevada, and Utah.

GEOTHERMAL Advantages Disadvantages 1. Reliable reservoirs 1. Scarcity of 2. Renewable 2. Deforestation to 3. Moderate Net Energy Yield build plants 4. 96% less CO2 emitted subsidence 3. Land 5. Competitive Cost 4. Noise, odor

GEOTHERMAL

SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY Improve energy efficiency Increase local availability of renewable energy resources Find transitional resources (natural gas, nuclear) Government must promote R&D for alternative renewable energy resources. Educate the public All energy resources should compete in an open, free-market with NO government control! Government needs to implement constructive subsidies not destructive subsidies to promote change, this will lead to conservation of resources and less overconsumption.