Problem Statement ● Current methods for oil spill cleanup

Problem Statement Current methods for oil spill cleanup are inefficient and expensive Equipment/operational costs Operating time is slow Environmental hazards associated Low/no recyclability 1

Background Research: Existing Solutions Drum Skimmer Sorbent 2 Inflatable Boom Dispersant

Background Research: Boom Controlling the spread of oil preventing further pollution There are several types of booms Fence Round or Curtain Non-rigid or inflatable All boom types are affected by water conditions 3

Background Research: Dispersants Chemical compounds that break down oil thereby decreases the chance the oil reaches the shoreline. allows the oil to sink to ocean floor 4

Background Research: Sorbents Using absorption or adsorption to recover oil 3 types of sorbents Natural organic Natural Inorganic Synthetic Many sorbents are not reuseable 5

Background: Drum Skimmer Oil adheres to the surface to the drum which is then scraped off Oil can be placed into a reservoir or pumped out Skimmers can take in water along with oil 6

Background Research: Existing Solutions Design Selection Drum Skimmer Sorbent 7 Inflatable Boom Dispersant

Major Competitors: Sorbents: Skimmers Ultra Tech International Versatech Oil Solutions International GEI Works PIG Corp Elastec Dispersants Booms Nalco Environmental Solutions LLC Grainger Industrial ACME Environmental NEOS Company Limited Canadyne Technologies, Inc. U.S. Polychemical Corp. 8

Competitive Product Summary Product Name Company Location Cost Capacity Ultra-Oil Blanket UltraTech Intl. Shoreline 84.00/ sheet 0.84 gal/m 2 PIG Oil Absorbent Mat Pad New Pig Industrial 79.00/100 sheets 1.1 gal/m 2 E-013 Sorbent Blanket Clean Caribbean Ocean,shore,riv er 745/7 rolls N/A Offshore Boom Clean Caribbean Open ocean 46250 N/A Disc Skimmer DBD5 Desmi River, near shore 30000 30GPM Drum/Brush Skimmer RBS5 Aquaguard River, near shore 34000 50GPM Drum Skimmer TDS136 Elastec Open ocean 41000 70GPM Corexit 9500 Nalco Open ocean 0.55/gal N/A 9

Market Research Approximately 3.5 billion to double within the next 5-7 years 1 Similar technology: Woolspill Nonwoven wool cloths Fibertect Nonwoven cotton or activated carbon wipes Carbon nanotube sponges* Expanded/spongy graphene* *researchers have scalability issues, 100/g. 1. "Nonwoven Filter Media Market Analysis By Technology (Spunbond, Meltblown, Wetlaid), By Application (Transportation, Water Filtration, HVAC, Food & Beverages, Healthcare, Manufacturing, Advanced Technology, Hydrocarbon Processing) and Segment Forecasts To 2022." Grandview Research. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Sept. 2015. 10

Summary Oil spills are major environmental disasters Current products are costly, inefficient, and wasteful Nanofiber tech. used to produce exceptional oil cleanup Nereides -Forcespinning for fast production -Combines skimmer and sorbent tech. -Carbon nanofiber membrane reusable -99% oil to water collection capacity -Ability to recycle oil 11

References "Nonwoven Filter Media Market Analysis By Technology (Spunbond, Meltblown, Wetlaid), By Application (Transportation, Water Filtration, HVAC, Food & Beverages, Healthcare, Manufacturing, Advanced Technology, Hydrocarbon Processing) and Segment Forecasts To 2022." Grandview Research. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Sept. 2015. "EPA." Sorbents. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Sep. 2015, image.http://www2.epa.gov/emergency-response/sorbents "EPA." Booms. Accessed December 5, 2015. http://www2.epa.gov/emergency-response/booms "How Do Oil Drum Skimmers Work?" How Do Oil Drum Skimmers Work? N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Sep. 2015,image. http://www.erosionpollution.com/oil-drum-skimmers.html "The Frantic First Steps to Contain an Oil Spill." Popular Mechanics. N.p., 21 May 2015. Web. 12 Sep. 2015,image. http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a15666/santa-barbara-oil-spill-skimmers-and-booms/ Gui, Xuchun, Hongbian Liu, Kunlin Wang, Jinquan Wei, Yi Jia, Zhen Liu, Lili Fan, Anyuan Cao, Hongwei Zhu, and Dehai Wu. "Recyclable Carbon Nanotube Sponges for Oil Absorption." Recyclable Carbon Nanotube Sponges for Oil Absorption. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2015. "24" Inflatable Oil Containment Boom for PROTECTED PORTS." Enviro USA. N.p., Sept. 2015. Web. 16 Nov. 2015,image. http://www.enviro-usa.com/24-inch-inflatable-oil-containment-boom-for-protected-ports/ "California Mounts Ambitious Effort to Fill Chemical Gaps." — Environmental Health News. N.p., Sept 2015. Web. 16 Nov. 2015,image. http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/chemical-clearinghouse "Sorbent Science: Cleaning Oil Spills." Scientific American Global RSS. N.p., Web. Sept. 2015,image. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sorbent-science-cleaning-oil-spills/ "Oil Spill Control Technologies." Oil Spill Control Technologies. N.p., Sept. 2015. Web. Sept. 2015,image. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/158385/ Li, Peng, Ying Qiao, Lili Zhao, Dahu Yao, Haixiang Sun, Yingfei Hou, Shuo Li, and Qi Li. "Electrospun PS/PAN Fibers with Improved Mechanical Property for Removal of Oil from Water." Marine Pollution Bulletin 93.1-2 (2015): 75-80. Web. Sep. 2015. 12

References cont’d Teas, Ch, S. Kalligeros, F. Zanikos, S. Stournas, E. Lois, and Gyu-Hyun Anastopoulous. "Investigation of the Effectiveness of Absorbent Materials in Oil Spills Clean up." Investigation of the Effectiveness of Absorbent Materials in Oil Spills Clean up. National Technical University of Athens, Sept. 2015. Web. 16 Nov. 2015. "Spill Containment Methods Response.restoration.noaa.gov."Spill Containment Methods Response.restoration.noaa.gov. Web. 5 Dec. 2015. Raza, Aikifa, Jianlong Ge, Yang Si, Jianyong Yu, Gang Sun, and Bin Ding. "Applications of Electrospun Nanofibers in Oil Spill Cleanup." (n.d.): n. pag. - Springer. Web. Sept. 2015. "Robot Check." Robot Check. N.p., Oct. 2015. Web. 16 Nov. 2015,image. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00O7IHVIA/ref s9 hps bw g263 i4 Sarkar, Kamal, Carlos Gomez, Steve Zambrano, Michael Ramirez, Eugenio De Hoyos, Horacio Vasquez, and Karen Lozano. "Electrospinning to Forcespinning ." MaterialsToday 13.11 (2010): 12-14. Web. Sept. 2015. Fox, Robert W., Robert W. Fox, Philip J. Pritchard, and Alan T. McDonald. Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Print. Juvinall, Robert C., and Kurt M. Marshek. Fundamentals of Machine Component Design. New York: Wiley, 2000. Print. "Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Contour Charts." - Office of Satellite and Product Operations. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2015. http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/data/sst/contour/global small.cf.gif "Ironton Oil Extractor Pump 12V DC, 60 Watts, 3L/Min. Flow Rate." Ironton Oil Extractor Pump 12V DC, 60 Watts, 3L/Min. Flow Rate. N.p., Sept. 2015. Web.16 Nov. 2015,image.http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product 200596412 200596412 “SLA-6V2 Battery”, 6 Volt, 2 Ah Sealed Lead Acid Battery. Sept 2015. Web. 16 Nov. 2015,image. http://www.batterymart.com/p-6v-2ah-sealed-lead-acid-battery.html “HOSSEN Mini 12V DC 60 RPM.” High Torque Gear Box Electric Motor. Sept 2015. Web. 16 Nov http://www.ebay.com/itm/HOSSEN-Mini-12V-DC-60-RPM-High-Torque-Gear-Box-Electric-Motor-/381041878505 vvvv2015. 66