New Urban Infrastructure ABOVE OR BELOW GRADE

New Urban Infrastructure ABOVE OR BELOW GRADE

Underground solutions for city infrastructure; a general discussion. Topics Uses Benefits Innovations Infrastructure Choices Prepared by the Benefits of Going Underground Committee of the Underground Construction Association a Division of the Society of Mining Engineers.

1 USES Examples of surface infrastructure that can go underground.

RA P I D T RA N S I T D E L I V E R I N G : Rider Comfort Reliable Commutes Year-round Operability NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Subway and Railroad Tunnels U S E S

TRAFFI C RO U T E S P R OVI DI N G : Reduced neighborhood impact Controlled service conditions More efficient traffic flow NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Road Tunnels U S E S

P O RT L A N D O R E G O N A new tunnel network keeps waterways clean. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Sewer Tunnels U S E S

WA S H I N G T O N D C Tunnels will control overflows and flooding. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Combined Sewer Overflow Tunnels U S E S

Tunnels are resilient structures for hosting critical service networks for water, wastewater, gas, power communications, etc. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Utility Tunnels “Future generations of New Yorkers will have the clean and reliable supply of drinking water essential for our growing city.” - Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg U S E S

Many types of facilities can be housed underground. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Other Uses for Underground Space U S E S

2 BENEFITS

Tunnels provide safe and efficient alignments under natural barriers and constructed areas. Improving transit and network connections. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Connecting Communities B E N E FI T S

Tunnels reduce city congestion and improve the urban environment for pedestrians and bikers. Providing drivers with shorter, faster travel options. Improved circulation and added capacity. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Relieving streetlevel gridlock B E N E FI T S

Underground mass transit offers city travelers efficient commutes and inter-modal transfer. Predictable transit times in a congested footprint. Cities with subways want more subway. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Mobilizing the People B E N E FI T S

Replacing aging infrastructure with an underground alternative can return surface space to the citizens. Preserving the integrity of heritage structures. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Revitalizing the City B E N E FI T S

Tunnels maintain green space and limit land takes. Subsurface sites offer sustainable, energy efficiency models. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Protecting the Environment B E N E FI T S

Surface construction disrupts city business, damages adjoining structures and pollutes. Tunnel work minimizes neighborhood impacts. Maximum Tunneling Minimum Disturbance NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Minimizing Construction Disruption B E N E FI T S

Siting new infrastructure underground offers urban planners opportunities for high density development. Delivering sustainable solutions that reduce sprawl and generate new residential and business revenue. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Planning for a Better City B E N E FI T S

3 INNOVATIONS

Ground support systems reliably stabilize a wide range of adverse construction conditions. Sprayed Concrete NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Ground Stabilization Methods Pre-Cast Segmental Liners IN N O V A TI O N S 3

Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM’s) and one-pass liners deliver dry tunnel subject to high external water pressures. A tunnel is no longer a structure that “leaks.” NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Groundwater Control Methods IN N O V A TI O N S 3

TBM advance rates over one mile per month have been achieved under favorable ground conditions. TBM technology is proven over a wide range of ground conditions and excavated diameters. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE TBM-System Performance IN N O V A TI O N S 3

NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Examples of Large Diameter TBM Projects Oahe Dam Tunnel / South Dakota Elbe River 4th Road Tunnel Niagra Pressure Tunnel Canada Tunnel & Reservoir Plan / Chicago Sparvo Road Tunnel, Italy IN N O V A TI O N S 3

Increments in Maximum TBM Diameter Seattle Sparvo Maximum TBM Diameter, ft. 60 Niagara Falls 50 Elbe 4th 40 Chicago 30 Oahe 20 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 IN N O V A TI O N S 3

TBM advance rates over one mile per month have been achieved under favorable ground conditions. TBM technology is proven over a wide range of ground conditions and excavated diameters. Built in 1904 / Still in regular service NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Underground Structures are Long-Lived Built in 1945 / To be replaced by a tunnel IN N O V A TI O N S 3

Improved Contract Practices New tunnel contract guidelines facilitate better management of underground risks; increasing confidence in the procurement process and construction outcome. “A Code of Practice for Risk Management of Tunnel Works.” International Tunneling Insurance Group, 2nd Edition 2012 “Geotechnical Baseline Reports for Construction.” American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007 “Recommended Contract Practices for Underground Construction.” Society of Mining Engineers, 2008 IN N O V A TI O N S 3

4 INFRASTRUCTURE CHOICES

NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE The Community’s Choice For Users: More efficient, comfortable commutes. For Residents: Space returned to civic use. IN FR AS TR UC TU RE CH OI CE S 4

NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE The Operator’s Choice Well-controlled operating environment. Reliable, cost-competitive solutions to many contemporary urban infrastructure problems. IN FR AS TR UC TU RE CH OI CE S 4

NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE The Builder’s Choice Methods are robust and outcomes predictable. The number and size of tunnel contracts let in the US is increasing. More contractors compete for more work. IN FR AS TR UC TU RE CH OI CE S 4

Without a tunnel Underground alignments improve infrastructure operation and create more livable cityscapes. NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Underground: A Win:Win Solution With a tunnel IN N O V A TI O N S 3

CITIES ARE RUNNING OUT OF SPACE Time to Go Underground

Material Acknowledgements Images thanks to: Arup CH2MHill Herrenknecht GMBH The Robbins Company The Rose Kennedy Greenway Conservancy District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority

About UCA U N D E R G R O U N D C O N S T R U C T I O N A S S O C I AT I O N UCA represents the underground construction industry; Owners, Contractors, Designers, Manufacturers, Suppliers, and others with an interest in underground construction. UCA serves its members by advocating the responsible and cost-effective use of underground structures to improve the value and sustainability of public space.