ITU REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON SMS4DC FOR ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES

ITU REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON SMS4DC FOR ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES IN AFRICA, ABUJA, NIGERIA , 20-31-MAY 2013 1

Frequency Allocation, Planning, and Assignment Prepared by : Eng.Yasir Mohammed Bashar Yasir [email protected] 2

Outlines 1 Spectrum Planning framework 2 National Table of Frequency Allocations 3 Channel Arrangements

Outlines 1 Spectrum Planning framework 2 National Table of Frequency Allocations 3 Channel Arrangements

Spectrum Planning Spectrum planning is allocating the current and forecasting future requirements of spectrum and methods for adjusting spectrum use over time. Consideration of the impact of growing demand , technological innovation and new services or improvements to existing services and the impact on planned changes to spectrum allocations.

Spectrum Planning framework International level Done through the ITU World and Regional Radio Conferences. Harmonization of frequency allocations for radio services. Implements world-wide allocations as well as regional. Agreements are formed amongst nations for spectrum use. Technical specifications to aid coordination of services globally. National level Developed within the framework of the ITU's Radio Regulations. Establishment of Table of Frequency Allocations Consistent with that country's regional allocations National Defense, Security and Public Order functions. Minimize the incidence of harmful interference . Maximize the efficient use of radio spectrum Telecommunications infrastructure factors

Principal features of the International Table of Frequency Allocations Changing needs & technology evolution Review & modifications to the international table of allocations World and regional adoption Table of Frequency Allocations in Article 5 is agreed by the ITU at world radio conferences for all three ITU Regions Consideration of national needs for implementation Incidence in standards adoption

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 C 0 20 B 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 170 170 For the allocation of frequencies the word has been divided into three Regions as shown on the following map A 75 75 60 60 REGION 1 REGION 2 40 30 20 40 30 20 0 0 20 30 40 20 30 40 REGION 3 REGION 3 160 140 120 100 B 80 60 40 20 A 0 20 40 60 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 170 170 60 C 5-01

Allocation principles Worldwide, regional and country allocations Reflect different level of harmonization of spectrum usage Types of frequency allocations: Exclusive and Shared Exclusive - allocation for one radio service Shared - allocation for several radio services (compatible radio services, often with similar technical characteristics) Category of services: Primary and Secondary Secondary shall cause no harmful interference , nor claim protection from the Primary Allocations in the Table and by footnotes to the Table Footnotes often specify additional conditions for the use Equal status of allocations by Table and by a footnote, if no conditions specified

Allocation principles(2) Primary service Secondar y service Region al World wide Region 1 75.2-87.5 Allocation to services Region 2 75.2-75.4 FIXED FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MOBILE 5.179 75.4-76 75.4-87 FIXED FIXED MOBILE 76-88 MOBILE BROADCASTING 5.182 5.183 5.188 Fixed Mobile 87-100 5.175 5.179 5.187 FIXED MOBILE 87.5-100 BROADCASTING 5.185 88-100 5.190 100-108 Region 3 BROADCASTING BROADCASTING 5.192 5.194 BROADCASTING

Outlines 1 Spectrum Planning framework 2 National Table of Frequency Allocations 3 Channel Arrangements

National Table of Frequency Allocations A National Table of Frequency Allocations is the foundation for an effective spectrum management process because it provides: a general plan for spectrum use; the basic structure to ensure effective use of the spectrum and the prevention of radio frequency interference between services; advice to manufacturers as to where in the spectrum to design and build equipment; advice to users on what frequencies are available to plan their systems.

National Table of Frequency Allocations(2) The International Table of Frequency Allocations, may be used as the national table. However: the three Regional tables usually provide for a number of different services in each frequency band, some of which may be incompatible with one another; an administration may wish to adopt its own national table that will facilitate spectrum use within its borders. administration often wish to use the NTFA to provide additional information on how particular sub-bands are used (or may be used in the future). This may be done by modifying the Regional table to restrict the bands to only one service or to compatible services; subdividing the bands for specific services, or to allocate bands to specific parts of the user community; showing and describing specific national use through National Footnotes. For example, some countries divide their national table into bands allocated to the government and to those allocated to private users.

The Need for a Legal Foundation for National Spectrum Management It is essential to establish a clear legal basis to manage national spectrum use, to provide a national policy for use of the spectrum and to specify regulations for radio applications. Also, the legislation should specify the organization responsible for managing the spectrum and define its duties, roles and extent of its authority. In addition, the legislation should establish procedures and processes that are fair and transparent. Many countries have separate organizations for managing civil spectrum use and government spectrum use. In this case, the spectrum available for civil, government or common use should be defined clearly and publicly in the National Table of Frequency Allocations. Formal (and informal) coordination procedures should be established to deal with assignments in shared spectrum, interference problems and to review requirements on a regular basis.

Features of NFAT Structure of NFAT Terms and definitions NFAT Applicable international footnotes National footnotes Additional categories and features Civil and governmental use of frequency bands Licensing regime Frequencies for SRD, ISM applications

Elements of frequency allocation table Frequency band Service Allocation ITU regiona l allocati on Service categor y Applications Applications Standards and/or normative decisions

National Frequency Allocation Table Evolution Once established national frequency allocation table should be regularly reviewed Review based upon national context Technological developments Review based upon the results of World Radiocommunication Conferences new allocations and/or MOD to existing allocations review of NFAT may include transitional measures, e.g. cut-off date for old services/applications Important to include all stakeholders/major spectrum users into the review and updating process

SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Frequency allocation menu of SMS4DC provides regional and national frequency allocation tables, frequency allocations chart, national frequency assignment plans and frequency assignment utility. Frequency allocation table is used by SMS4DC for frequency assignment No frequency can be assigned in contradiction with frequency allocation table

Spectrum allocation terms An allocation is an entry in a table of frequency allocations which sets out the use of a given frequency band for use by one or more radiocommunication services. The term allocation is also applied to the frequency band concerned. An allocation then is a distribution of frequencies to radio services. An allotment is an entry of a designated channel in a plan for use by one or more countries in those countries or within designated areas for a radiocommunication service under specified conditions. An allotment then is a distribution of frequencies to geographical areas or countries. An assignment is an authorization given for a radio station to use a radio frequency or a radio frequency channel under specified conditions. An assignment then is a distribution of a frequency or frequencies to a given radio station.

SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart Draw Chart: Item to depict a section of regional or national FAT in strip format. Each segment in the frequency allocations strip denotes a frequency allocation to a radiocommunication service with its service priority .

SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart(2) The mouse cursor shape on the strip is changed to a cross ( ) and a left-click on a colored patch shows its characteristics, including: frequency band, service name, service priority, service footnotes and frequency band footnotes at the top-left corner of chart.

Push buttons in browsing toolbar in the item “Frequency Allocations- Edit- Plan”

Modification of legend of frequency allocations chart Service table” item in menu enables user to browse and modify radiocommunication service name and color used in the frequency allocations chart.

Editing National Plan and Footnote The “Edit” menu under the frequency allocations chart provides three powerful items: “Plan”, “Service Table” and “Footnotes” to edit the content of the frequency allocations table and chart color.

Editing National Plan and Footnote(1)

Editing the Service Table

Editing the footnote

EXCERSISES

Outlines 1 Spectrum Planning framework 2 National Table of Frequency Allocations 3 Channel Arrangements

Channel Arrangements Purposes(1) Once a frequency band has been allocated to a service, it is necessary to make provision for systems and users to access the frequencies in an orderly manner. The most commonly used method is by frequency division. That is, by dividing the spectrum available into a number of channels. The bandwidth of the channels depends on the technology to be used and the required traffic capacity of the systems that will use the channel.

Channel Arrangements: Purpose(2) In many cases, the type of traffic to be sent will require simultaneous bi-directional communication (duplex operation), therefore the channel arrangement should provide twofrequency channels for “go and return”. In order to provide harmonisation of frequency use, for example to aid cross border frequency coordination, ITU-R has developed recommended channels arrangements for bands allocated to the fixed service. For the same reason, some regional organizations have also developed arrangements for both fixed and mobile services.

Modes of Channel Operation Simplex operation: Operating method in which transmission is made possible alternately in each direction of a telecommunication channel, for example, by means of manual control Duplex operation: Operating method in which transmission is possible simultaneously in both directions of a telecommunication channel Necessary bandwidth: For a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions

Modes of Channel Operation(2) Frequency division duplex (FDD): Frequency division duplex (FDD) is a technique where separate frequency bands are used at the transmitter and receiver side Because the FDD technique uses different frequency bands for send and receive operations, the sending and receiving data signals don't interfere with each other. This makes FDD a better choice than Time Division Duplex (TDD) .

Modes of Channel Operation(3) Time division duplex (TDD):Time division duplex (TDD) refers to duplex communication links where uplink is separated from downlink by the allocation of different time slots in the same frequency band. It is a transmission scheme that allows asymmetric flow for uplink and downlink data transmission.

CEPT Recommendation TR 25-08: Frequency arrangements for VHF bands allocated to the mobile service FB Fixed Base transmit frequency channels ML Land Mobile transmit frequency channels Si Single frequency

CEPT Recommendation TR 25-08: Frequency arrangements for UHF bands allocated to the mobile service

SMS4DC Frequency arrangement Frequency arrangement item in the “Frequency Allocation ” menu of SMS4DC. There are three possible types of frequency arrangement in SMS4DC: Homogenous, Uniform, and, Non-uniform Any frequency plan shall be in conformity with frequency allocation table. There are already list of planned assignable frequencies could be browsed from item “Frequency table” of “Frequency Allocation ” menu .

Types of Frequency Arrangement in SMS4DC: Homogeneous channel arrangement(FDD): 𝑓𝑛 𝑓0 𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑛.𝑋𝑆 𝑀𝐻𝑧, 𝑛 0,1,2, 𝑓𝑛′ 𝑓0 𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡′ 𝑛.𝑋𝑆 𝑀𝐻𝑧, 𝑛 0,1,2,

Types of Frequency Arrangement in SMS4DC(2): Uniform channel arrangement: 𝑓𝑛 𝑓0 𝑛.𝑋𝑆 𝑀𝐻𝑧, 𝑛 0,1,2,

Types of Frequency Arrangement in SMS4DC(2): Non-uniform channel arrangement.

VHF Frequency Channel Arrangement 146 to 174 MHz Tow Types of channel arrangement Single-frequency channels for the mobile service Dual frequency channels for the mobile service

Channel bandwidth in VHF 146-174 MHz systems are6.25,12.5,25 .kHz

Single-frequency channels for the mobile service in VHF For the band of 146-146.8 , the channel arrangement result using SMS4DC is ID : 20 Frequency Plan ID : 1460.000025 Region : 1 Frequency Band : [146.012 - 146.813] MHz Channel Spacing : 0.025 MHz RadioCommunication Service : Land Mobile Priority : Primary Type of Frequency Plan : Uniform Comment : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Frequency Unit : MHz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------No. Center Frequency 001 146.025 002 146.05 : : 031 146.775 032 146.8

Dual frequency channels for the mobile service In VHF For the TX band of 146.8-149.9 and TX band of 151.1-154.5 , the channel arrangement result using SMS4DC is ID : 21 Frequency Plan ID : 1468.000012 Region : 1 Frequency Band : [146.806 - 149.906] MHz [151.406 - 154.506] MHz Channel Spacing : 0.0125 MHz RadioCommunication Service : Land Mobile Priority : Primary Type of Frequency Plan : Homogeneous Comment : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Frequency Unit : MHz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lower Upper No. Center Frequency Center Frequency 001 146.813 151.412 002 146.825 151.425 003 146.838 151.438 : : : 247 149.888 154.488 248 149.9 154.5

RF channel arrangements for digital fixed wireless systems operating in the 7900 - 8400 MHz band(1) RF Channel arrangement suitable for digital fixed wireless systems with a channel separation up to 28 MHz, lower half of the band: upper half of the band: fn f0 – 259 28 n MHz f’n f0 7 28 n where: f0 8150 , n 1, 2, 3, . . . 8. MHz

RF channel arrangements for digital fixed wireless systems operating in the 7900 - 8400 MHz band RF channel arrangements for band the 7900 - 8400 MHz band using SMS4DC is ID : 22 Frequency Plan ID : 81500.028000 Region : 1 Frequency Band : [7905 - 8129] MHz [8171 - 8395] MHz Channel Spacing : 28 MHz RadioCommunication Service : Fixed Priority : Primary Type of Frequency Plan : Homogeneous Comment : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Frequency Unit : MHz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lower Upper No. Center Frequency Center Frequency 001 7919 8185 002 7947 8213 006 007 008 8059 8087 8115 8325 8353 8381

LIST OF FREQUENCY BANDS AND ADOPTED RECOMMENDATIONS

EXCERSISES

www.ic ttoolkit s.com ITU ITU SMS4DC SMS4DC workshop workshop in in Jordan Jordan 2008 2008 refer ence s SMS4D C manual 52