IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee Overview

IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee Overview

Topics Slide 2 802.15.4 ZigBee Competing Technologies Products Some Motorola Projects Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 Applications Space Home Networking Automotive Networks Industrial Networks Interactive Toys Remote Metering Slide 3 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Some needs in the sensor networks Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless but sensors are frequently stand alone Low Power and sensors are frequently isolated Moderate Range. Some of the challenges facing the standards committee Slide 4 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4 General Characteristics Data rates of 250 kb/s, 40 kb/s and 20 kb/s. Star or Peer-to-Peer operation. Support for low latency devices. Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability. Low power consumption. Frequency Bands of Operation 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM* band 10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band 1 channel in the European 868MHz band. * ISM: Industrial, Scientific, Medical Slide 5 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4 / ZigBee Architecture Applications ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 868/915 MHz PHY Slide 6 IEEE 802.15.4 2400 MHz PHY Joe Dvorak, Motorola Packet generation Packet reception Data transparency Power Management 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Operating Frequency Bands 868MHz / 915MHz PHY 2.4 GHz PHY Channel 0 Channels 1-10 868.3 MHz 902 MHz Channels 11-26 2.4 GHz Slide 7 2 MHz 928 MHz 5 MHz 2.4835 GHz Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Packet Structure PHY Packet Fields Preamble (32 bits) – synchronization Start of Packet Delimiter (8 bits) PHY Header (8 bits) – PSDU length PSDU (0 to 1016 bits) – Data field Preamble Start of Packet Delimiter PHY Header 6 Octets Slide 8 PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU) 0-127 Octets Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4 Architecture Applications ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 868/915 MHz PHY Slide 9 Channel acquisition Contention mgt NIC address Error Correction IEEE 802.15.4 2400 MHz PHY Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Design Drivers Extremely low cost Ease of implementation Reliable data transfer Short range operation Very low power consumption Simple but flexible protocol Slide 10 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Typical Network Topologies Slide 11 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Device Classes Full function device (FFD) – Any topology – Network coordinator capable – Talks to any other device Reduced function device (RFD) – Limited to star topology – Cannot become a network coordinator – Talks only to a network coordinator – Very simple implementation Slide 12 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Star Topology PAN Coordinator Master/slave Communications flow Full function device Reduced function device Slide 13 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Peer-Peer Topology Cluster tree Point to point Full function device Slide 14 Communications flow Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Combined Topology Clustered stars - for example, cluster nodes exist between rooms of a hotel and each room has a star network for control. Communications flow Full function device Reduced function device Slide 15 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview General Frame Structure PHY Layer MAC Layer Payload Synch. Header (SHR) MAC Header (MHR) MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU) MAC Footer (MFR) MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) PHY Header (PHR) PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU) 4 Types of MAC Frames: Data Frame Beacon Frame Acknowledgment Frame MAC Command Frame Slide 16 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Traffic Types Periodic data – Application defined rate (e.g. sensors) Intermittent data – Application/external stimulus defined rate (e.g. light switch) Repetitive low latency data – Allocation of time slots (e.g. mouse) Slide 17 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4 Architecture Applications Network Routing Address translation Packet Segmentation Profiles ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 868/915 MHz PHY Slide 18 IEEE 802.15.4 2400 MHz PHY Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

ZigBee Stack Architecture Slide 19 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Typical ZigBee-Enabled Device Design Typical design consist of RF IC and 8-bit microprocessor with peripherals connected to an application sensor or actuators Slide 20 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Wireless Technology Comparison Chart 34KB /14KB 356 A Slide 21 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Competing/Similar Technologies Bluetooth – http://www.bluetooth.org – http://www.bluetooth.com X10 – Powerline protocol first introduced in the 1970's. – http://www.x10.com/technology1.htm Z-wave – Proprietary protocol for wireless home control networking. – http://www.z-wavealliance.com/ INSTEON – Peer-to-peer mesh networking product that features a hybrid radio/powerline transmission – http://www.insteon.net nanoNET – Proprietary set of wireless sensor protocols, designed to compete with ZigBee. – http://www.nanotron.com/ Slide 22 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

802.15.4/ZigBee Products Control4 Home Automation System http://www.control4.com/products/ components/complete.htm Eaton Home HeartBeat monitoring system www.homeheartbeat.com Chip Sets Ember, http://www.ember.com/index.html ChipCon, http://www.chipcon.com Freescale, http://www.freescale.com Software, Development Kits AirBee, http://www.airbeewireless.com/pr oducts.php Software Technologies Group, http://www.stg.com/wireless/ Slide 23 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Motorola Activity NeuRFonTM Implementation of 802.15.4 & ZigBee Aimed at enterprises – Asset Tracking – Security – Public Safety Range: 10m Transmission interval: 4 minutes Nodes move, Controller does not Battery life: 1 week to several years (nodes with 2 AA batteries) Interfaces: machine-only Slide 24 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

Motorola Activity ConformablesTM Implementation of 802.15.4 only Aimed at consumers – Home device control – Location awareness – Personal reminders Range: 1 - 5m Phone is controller Both nodes and can controller move Battery life: 1 week years (nodes with 320 mAhr rechargeable battery) Transmission interval: 1 second Interfaces: machine and human Slide 25 Joe Dvorak, Motorola SmartButton LoBe Janus Digital Paperclip 9/27/05

More Information IEEE 2003 version of 802.15.4 MAC & Phy standard – http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2003.pdf ZigBee Specification – http://www.zigbee.org/en/spec download/download request.asp 802.15.4 Tutorial – http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/2003/Jan03/03036r0P80215 WG-802-15-4-TG4-Tutorial.ppt – Slides 3 – 17 were adapted from this tutorial ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works – http://www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kinney/zigbee.htm ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works – http://www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kinney/zigbee.htm Home networking with Zigbee – http://www.embedded.com//showArticle.jhtml?articleID 18902431 – Slides 19 – 21 were adapted from this article Can the competition lock ZigBee out of the home? – http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?FeatureID 1809