HEALTHCARE DOES HADOOP: AN ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER’S FIVE-YEAR

HEALTHCARE DOES HADOOP: AN ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER’S FIVE-YEAR JOURNEY Charles Boicey, MS, RN-BC, CPHIMS Chief Innovation Officer Clearsense

The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but instead will interest his patients in the care of human frame, in diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease. Thomas Edison (1847 – 1931)

PHR Centric Health HIE Modern HDP EMR

Early Days - 2010 Naveen Ashish, PhD

NowTrending 2012

Current Environment Electronic Medical Record Not designed to process high volume/velocity data Not intended to handle complex operations Such as: Anomaly detection Machine learning Building complex algorithms Pattern set recognition Enterprise Data Warehouse Suffer from a latency factor of up to 24 hours The EDW serves all of the following retrospectively as opposed to in real time Clinicians Operations Quality and research

Big Data Interoperability Big Data Ecosystem that Supports: Neo 4j (Graph Database) Relational Data Base Hadoop (HDFS) R Hbase Spark Hive Storm Pig Weka MapReduce Mahout MongoDB (NoSQL)

Big Data Complete Data The Electronic Medical Record is primarily transactional taking feeds from source systems via an interface engine The Enterprise Data Warehouse is a collection of data from the EMR and various source systems in the enterprise In both cases decisions are made concerning data acquisition A Big Data system is capable of ingesting and storing healthcare data in total and in real time

Modern Healthcare Data Platform A healthcare information ecosystem built on “Big Data” technologies should: Be capable of serving the needs of clinicians, operations, quality and research And should do so in real time and in one environment Should be: Able to ingest all healthcare generated data both internal and external in native format Should be: A platform for advanced analytics such as early detection of sepsis & hospital acquired conditions Be enabled to predict potential readmissions Leverage complex algorithms and be a machine learning platform

Architecture Guiding Principles Architecture to minimize encumbrance on IT staff Ability to store all healthcare date in native form and complete Use of supported open source code Ensure architectural compatibility with commercial applications

Infrastructure Low Cost of Entry & Scalable Open Source Commodity Hardware UCI Hadoop Ecosystem 10 nodes 5 terabytes Yahoo Hadoop Ecosystem 60K nodes 160 petabytes Cloud Ready

Data Sources Legacy Systems Print to Text or Delimited String All HL7 Feeds (EMR source systems) All EMR Initiated Data (Stored Procedures) Device Data (in one minute intervals) Physiological Monitors (HL7) Ventilators (HL7) Smart Pumps Social Media (POC) Healthcare Organization Sentiment Analysis Patient Engagement Home Monitoring (POC) Real Time Location System (RFID) Hospital Sensors

Newer Data Sources External Streaming Device Data Wearables Home Devices Social Media Geographic Information System (GIS) Data Omic Data Open Data www.data.gov Adverse Drug Event www.researchae.com Internet of Things (IoT) Telematics 5G

Use Cases Legacy System Retirement Patient Condition Changes RRT Early Sepsis Detection Cohort Discovery Data Science Clinician Aware Applications Patient Monitoring External to Traditional Healthcare Setting Event Driven Care & Real Time Quality Monitoring Utilization Staffing and Resource Allocation Personal Health Record Social Media Sentiment Analysis Research Environmental Response Real Time Nursing Unit

Future Use Cases Ventilator Management Vent dashboard in EMR Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) VTE Surveillance Sensium Vitals Digital Patch Patient-Generated Data Home Devices (Scale, Vital Signs, Glucose) Exercise & Diet (Fit Bit, Jawbone, Nike) Combining Phenotype Data with Genotype Data Patient Threat Analysis Edge and Vertices Analysis Patient caregivers and outcomes

Imaging Analytics NIH Funded U24 Grant Joel Saltz, PhD This project is to develop, deploy, and disseminate a suite of open source tools and integrated informatics platform that will facilitate multi-scale, correlative analyses of high resolution whole slide tissue image data, spatially mapped genetics and molecular data for cancer research.

Patient Persona Surveys Questionnaires Clinic Notes External Sources IoT Social Media Credit Telemetrics

FOSS Driven Protean Is a centrally-hosted, instrumented “Smart and Connected” platform servicing real time business event streams using high-speed MPP Compute and Storage Grids Primarily based on the concepts and principles of Event Driven Architecture (EDA), Complex Event Processing (CEP) and Multi-AgentSystems (MAS) Support for high speed data ingestion - Structured and Unstructured (Textual) Core Advanced Analytics enabled through Model Building, Data Mining and Machine Learning techniques (Supervised and Unsupervised) Context modeling creation across Time-Space-Value dimensions Enables creation of a Central Enterprise Data Refinery to enable “Source of Truth” for transactional information within the Healthcare Enterprise

FHIR – The “Public API” for Healthcare? FHIR Fast Health Interoperability Resource Emerging HL7 Standard (DSTU 2 soon) More powerful & less complex than HL7 V3 ReSTful API ReST Representational State Transfer – basis for Internet Scale Resource-oriented rather than Remote Procedure Call (nouns verbs) Easy for developers to understand and use FHIR Resources Well-defined, simple snippets of data that capture core clinical entities Build on top of existing HL7 data types Resources are the “objects” in a network of URI reference links Huff, S., McCallie, D HIMSS 2015

SMART Platform – Open Specification for Apps “Substitutable Medical Apps” Kohane/Mandl – NEJM (2009) A SMART App is a Web App HTML5 JavaScript Remote or embedded in EHR URL passes context & FHIR li nk EHR Data Access via FHIR OAuth2 / OIDC for security Huff, S., McCallie, D HIMSS 2015

Some SMART Hotbeds Huff, S., McCallie, D HIMSS 2015

Boston Childrens: SMART Growth Chart Huff, S., McCallie, D HIMSS 2015

DSRIP 8 billion dollar grant (Medicaid waiver) from CMS to NY State 25% reduction over five years in avoidable hospitalizations and ER visits in the Medicaid and uninsured population Collaborative effort to implement innovative projects focused on System transformation Clinical improvement Population health improvement

5 Year Goals Create integrated Suffolk County care delivery system for 387K lives anchored by safety net providers Engage partners across the care delivery spectrum to create a countywide network of care After five years, transition this network to an ACO which will contract with insurance providers on an at risk basis

Suffolk Care Collaborative IT Architecture Suffolk County Providers Stony Brook Medicine EMRs or clinical Information System EMRs or clinical Information System Suffolk County PPS Population Management Tools Clinical Clinical Data for Patient Patient Care Care Registries Care Plans Workflow Med Adherence Mobility Suffolk County PPS Patient Portal eForms Patient Wellness Alerts Mobile Monitoring Patient Education Clinical Records Collaboration Suffolk County Big Data Platform Predictive Analytics Event Engine Structured Data Financial Data Legacy Data Machine Learning NLP Unstructured Data Wearables Data Social Data Anomaly Detection Rules Device Data HL7/CCD Open Data Suffolk county PPS Master Patient Index (MPI) Suffolk county PPS Health Information Exchange (HIE) E-HNLI RHIO (HIE)

Gavin Stone, edico genome 5G Summit May, 14,

New Team Members Data Scientist Developers Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology User Experience Human & Computer Interaction Devices Wearables Patients & Family

Trends: Big Data Definition: Evolving Creation & Management: Distributed and augmented Information Governance: Shared Meaningful Analysis: Beyond PnL, Reporting, Connections, Correlations, Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing Business Requirements: Blank Page; We don’t know what we want we will figure it out once we look at the data, the data will lead the way, AKA, Data Science

Trends: Healthcare Content Analytics – Suggestive Analytics* – Prescriptive Analytics Imaging Analytics Moving Analytics out of the EMR Environment Graph Data Mart Edge and Vertices Analysis Omic & Phenotype Combines Sentiment Analysis Dale Sanders

Takeaways Underpinning platforms may change but concept is here to stay, abstract where possible. Machine learning will lead to the evolution of Data Science and eventual use of AI in Healthcare. Get used to source now, ask questions later: Healthcare evolves with data and it is not a point in time construct any longer. Get used to working with constant change, disruptive trends and something new that will make your “frameworks” obsolete.

Contact Me @ Charles Boicey [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 1 904-373-0831 @N2InformaticsRN