GERMANY AND THE RISE OF NAZISM HITLER AND GERMANY 1919–1933

GERMANY AND THE RISE OF NAZISM HITLER AND GERMANY 1919--1933

1914 EUROPE

THE TREATY OF VERSIALLE END OF WORLD WAR ONE 1919 CAUSES FOR THE NEXT WAR: (STAB IN THE BACK) 1. THE NEW MAP OF EUROPE A. LOSS OF GERMAN TERRITORY 2. DEMILITARIZATION OF GERMANY 3. WAR REPARATIONS TO THE VICTORS 4. ADMITION TO THE STARTING OF WAR 5. GERMANY NOT ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE GERMANY WAS DISGRACED!! THE NEW GOVERNMENT BLAMED FOR SELLING GERMANY OUT!!! SIGNED BY THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT

GERMANY 1919-1925 AUGUST 1919-1925-WEIMAR GOVERNMENT 1. DOOMED FROM THE START: A. TREATY OF VERSIALLE B. INFLATION C. VERY LIBERAL D. STAB IN BACK THEORY E. FEAR OF COMMUNISM F. RISE OF HITLER

UNEMPLOYED IN MILLIONS

THE BEGINNING OF NAZISM

Overview 4/18/04 The Nazi Party was formed in 1919 Hitler joined the party shortly after it’s inception Germany was in a state of disarray after the First World War There were many extremist groups in Germany at the time Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 3

ORIGIN OF THE PARTY---DAP MUNICH GERMANY OCTOBER 16TH HITLER THE POLITICIAN IS BORN HIS FIRST SPEECH (ANTI-SEMITIC--ANTI -VERSIALLE RECRUITING FOLLOWERS OF ERNST RHOM FEBRUARY 25TH 1920 SPEAKS TO A CROWD OF 2000 OUTLINES 25 POINTS HITLER TAKES OVER NSDAP ADOPTS THE SWASTIKA AS SYMBOL THE MEANING OF THE FLAG

1919-1923 4/18/04 Many Germans were disillusioned after the defeat in the First World war. Ex-soldiers felt that they had been ‘Stabbed in the back’ and felt that they had not been defeated on the battlefield.Many of them joined Right Wing groups such as the Freikorps or the Nazi party. The Spartacist rising, amongst others, led to many people fearing a Communist revolution in Germany. People looked to right Wing groups to act against this: the Freikorps in particular. Economic hardship was coupled with humiliation as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Right Wing groups gained popularity by saying that they would not adhere to it’s terms. Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 4

1921--1923 ECONOMIC COLLAPSE OF GERMANY NAZI MEMBERSHIP 1923 55,OOO NOV. 8 1923 BEER HALL PUTSCH HITLER BETRAYED BY KHAR, LOSSOW, SEISSER HITLER ON TRIAL HITLER SPEAKS TO THE NATION APRIL 1 SENT TO LANDSBERG PRISON MEIN KAMPF ARYANS VERSUS JEWS NAZI PARTY BANNED

MY STRUGGLE LEBENSRAUM AND RETRIBUTION THROUGHOUT MEIN KAMPF HITLER REFERS TO JEWS AS: PARASITES, LIARS, DIRTY, CRAFTY, SLY, WILY, CLEVER, WITHOUT TRUE CULTURE, A SPONGER, A MIDDLEMAN, A MAGGOT, ETERNAL BLOOD SUCKERS, REPULSIVE UNSCRUPULOUS MONSTERS, FOREIGN, MENACE, BLOOD THIRSTY, AVARICIOUS. THE DESTROYER OF ARYAN HUMANITY

How did the Nazi party gain support in this period? 4/18/04 Military uniforms demonstrated strength at a time when the government was weak Use of force against communists and Trade unionists was popular with businesses Populist policies and rhetoric were employed to discredit opponents and develop support. References to traditional values and reminders of ‘Who was to blame’ for the economic crisis builds support. Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 5

1923: Violent uprising 4/18/04 By 1923 the Nazi party had gained much support in Bavaria. Now firmly under the control of Adolf Hitler the group attempts to seize control of the government through use of force. Despite having many sympathisers the coup fails and Hitler is imprisoned. The failure of the Beer Hall Putsch demonstrates that power needs to be taken through legal means. Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 6

1923: Violent uprising 4/18/04 By 1923 the Nazi party had gained much support in Bavaria. Now firmly under the control of Adolf Hitler the group attempts to seize control of the government through use of force. Despite having many sympathisers the coup fails and Hitler is imprisoned. The failure of the Beer Hall Putsch demonstrates that power needs to be taken through legal means. Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 6

1924-1929 4/18/04 Focus on traditional values Builds fear of Left Wing groups Continued use of military imagery Lack of electoral support due to relative prosperity in Germany at the time Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 8

A NEW BEGININNG 1924 DECEMBER RELEASE NAZI BAN LIFTED THE ORGANIZATION OF A REAL PARTY HITLER BANNED FROM SPEAKING FOR 2 YEARS CREATION OF SHADOW GOVERNMENT SA BROWNSHIRTS --ERNST ROHM HITLER PRIVATE GUARD THE SS JOSEF BERCHTOLD HITLER YOUTH 15--18 YAHRS GIRLS JOINED THE BUND DUETSCHER MEADEL 1925 ELECTION OF HINDENBURG --DAWES PLAN QUIET YEARS FOR NAZI --MEMBERSHIP DECLINES 17,000 DISCOVERY OF JOESEPH GOEBBELS THE BIRTH OF NAZI PROPAGANDA 1927 HITLER ALLOWED TO SPEAK IN PUBLIC ARENA HITLER AND GELI RABAUL OCTOBER 29TH THE AMERICAN STOCK MARKET CRASHES

1929-1932 A Change in Fortunes 4/18/04 Wall Street Crash leads to end of effective financial assistance from USA Unemployment rises rapidly Hyperinflation recurs Threat of Communism increases Coalition government fails to address problems successfully Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 9

Into government (1) 4/18/04 Nazi’s use force to prevent uprisings Rhetoric plays on peoples fears Big Business won over through radical economic plans Emphasis placed on military power wins support of many soldiers and traditionalists. Weak coalition governments enables Nazi’s to gain political strength Propaganda and shows of might impress the masses Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 10

Into Government (2) 4/18/04 Electoral support rises: Nazi’s become largest single party in the Reichstag Continuing economic crisis leads to break down of coalitions Aging and ineffective president increasingly reliant upon Article 48 Germany in desperate need of a strong leader Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 11

In Power 4/18/04 Invited to become chancellor by politicians who believe that Hitler can be manipulated easily President Hindenburg’s death allows Hitler to assume presidential powers Nazi Party’s rise to power is complete Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 12

Rise to power: an overview Determination Popular Rhetoric and Hitler’s capabilities as a public speaker Weakness of Coalition government Wall Street Crash and the consequent economic collapse Support of significant businessmen Disruption of extremist opponents Fear of Communism 4/18/04 Strong leadership Weimar and Nazi Ger man y 13