Experiment No. 3 Preparation and standardization of approximately 0.1N

Experiment No. 3 Preparation and standardization of approximately 0.1N acetic acid solution (CH3COOH) by using standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) also known as ethanoic acid, (Ka 1.8 10-5 at 25 C) and partially dissociated in an aqueous solution. CH3COOH H2O CH3COO- H3O acetate ion Glacial acetic acid is a pure and water-free acetic acid. It is a colorless liquid that absorbs water from the environment (hygroscopic), freeze at 16.5 C and change to a colorless crystalline solid. Acetic acid can be detected by its characteristic smell which has a distinctive pungent odour.

Concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and therefore must be handled with appropriate care, since it can cause skin burns and permanent eye damage. These burns may not appear until hours after exposure. The titration of CH3COOH against NaOH solution is a titration of weak acid against strong base. CH3COOH NaOH CH3COONa H2O

The solution at equivalence point not neutral, but slightly alkaline, the calculated pH at equivalence point is 8.72. In this experiment, methyl orange or methyl red cannot be used because they change their color at a much lower pH (acidic medium), i.e. the color is changed before the equivalence point. Therefore, phenolphthalein (ph.ph) is used as indicator because its color changes in the alkaline region at a pH range of (8-9.6). Preparation of solutions: 1- Prepare 0.1 N NaOH in 250 mL of distilled water. 2- Prepare approximately 0.1 N CH3COOH in 250 mL of distilled water.

Prepare approximately 0.1 N CH3COOH in 250 mL of distilled water. Sp.gr 1.049 , % 98% , Formula weight 60 g/mole. N N Sp.gr % 1000 eq.wt eq.wt 1.049 98 100 60 1000 eq.wt F.wt of CH 3COOH 1 2 12 4 1 2 16 1 eq.wt 60 g/mol N 17.13 eq/L (N1 V1)conc. (N2 V2)dil. 17.13 V1 0.1 250 V1 0.1 250 17.13 1.459 1.5 mL You must take 1.5 ml of concentrated CH3COOH with a pipet, and dilute to 250 ml with distilled water in a 250ml-volumetric flask to obtain approximately 0.1 N CH COOH.

Procedure: 1. Pipet 5 ml of acetic acid solution into a conical flask. 2. Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. The solution will be colorless. 3. Titrate the solution with the standardized NaOH solution from the burette until the color of solution changes into pink. Repeat the titration three (3) times. V CH COOH (ml) V NaOH (ml) 5 V1 5 V2 5 V3 3 V average V1 V2 V3 3 (Y) ml NaOH

5 ml of CH 3COOH (0.1N) 0.1 N NaOH solution 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein (ph.ph.) 5 ml of CH 3COOH solution 2-3 drops of (ph.ph.) The Colour changed from collorless to pink (1) (2) (3)

Calculation: At the equivalence point no. of milliequivalence of NaOH no. of milliequivalence of CH3COOH (N1 V1) NaOH (N2 V2) CH3COOH 0.1 Vaverage N2 5 0.1 Y N2 5 N2 0.1 Y 5 ( ) eq/L CH3COOH

Application of Neutralization Titration (Acid – Base Titration): Determination of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Take 10 ml of vinegar and dilute to 250 ml.

10 ml of vinegar 0.1 N NaOH solution 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein (ph.ph.) 10 ml of vinegar 2-3 drops of (ph.ph.) The Colour changed from collorless to pink (1) (2) (3)

Calculation (N) of acetic acid in 250 ml vinegar (N V)NaOH (N V)A.A. (0.1 Vaverage)NaOH (N 10)A.A. N X eq./L (Normal) (Acetic acid in 250 ml vinegar) Calculation (N) of acetic acid in 10 ml vinegar (N V)Before dil. (N V)After dil. (N 10)Before dil. (X 250)After dil. N Y eq./L (Normal) (Acetic acid in 10 ml vinegar)

Y Wt. B g (Acetic acid in 10 ml vinegar)