Emotional Intelligence View 360 Administration and Interpretation

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Administration and Interpretation

Workforce 2010 The Changing Career Paradigms OLD PARADIGMS 2 Job Security Longitudinal Career Paths Job/Person Fit Organizational Loyalty Career Success Academic Degree Position/Title Full-Time Employment Retirement Single Jobs/Careers NEW PARADIGMS Employability Security Alternate Career Paths Person/Organization Fit Job/Task Loyalty Work/Family Balance Continuous Relearning Competencies/Development Contract Employment Career Sabbaticals Multiple Jobs/Careers

Developing Leaders Career Path Preferences Entrepreneurial Specialist Current Prefer Generalist Managerial 0 3 5 10 15

4 Job change Special projects and assignments Exposure and involvement in key business challenges Task forces, committees, change initiatives Job Performance feedback Executive/Peer coaching 360-degree feedback process Mentoring Programs Critical skill building training programs Transition training programs Key external executive programs Self-directed learning initiatives Ascending Value Feedback Formal Experience Learning & Coaching How Do You Develop Leaders?

Developing Leaders with a Managerial Career Path Cross-Functional Versatility Exposure to all functions Understanding of the organization Job/Developmental Challenges Structured experiences to facilitate development Strategic Assignments/Responsibilities Core Competencies Training on specific competencies/skills Transition training Derailment Factors Multi-rater feedback to identify strengths/development Coaching 5

“The key to management success is to keep the folks who hate you away from the undecided” Earl Weaver 6

What is Emotional Intelligence (EI)? 7

What is Emotional Intelligence? At the most basic level, Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the ability to recognize, understand and manage your emotions and behavior effectively All current emotional intelligence models share a common core of basic concepts: RECOGNITION Identifying and Perceiving Emotions Using Emotions to Facilitate Thoughts Understanding Emotions REGULATION Self-Management Relationship Management 8

Goleman Emotional Intelligence Model SelfAwareness Social Awareness Emotional Self-Awareness Accurate Self-Assessment Self-Confidence Empathy Organizational Awareness Service Orientation SelfManagement Social Skills Self-Control Trustworthiness Conscientiousness Adaptability Achievement Orientation Initiative http://www.eiconsortium.org 9 Developing Others Leadership Influence Communication Change Catalyst Conflict Management Building Bonds Teamwork & Collaboration

Where did the Concept of “Emotional Intelligence” come from? 10

Multiple Intelligences Beyond “IQ” Mathematical / Logical } “IQ” Musical Spatial Linguistic Kinesthetic Interpersonal } “EI” Intrapersonal } “EI” 11

The Concept of Emotional Intelligence In 1983, Gardner first published his theory , derived from extensive brain research, on Multiple Intelligence including intrapersonal (self awareness/self management) and interpersonal (relationship awareness/management) Reuven Bar-On (1988) has placed EI in the context of personality theory, specifically a model of well-being Peter Salovey and John Mayer first proposed their theory of emotional intelligence (EI) in 1990 The movement in education that seeks to implement curricula that teach EI skills uses the general term social and emotional learning, or SEL (Salovey & Mayer, 1997) Goleman (1998-2003) has popularized the concept of emotional intelligence and formulated EI in terms of a theory of job and work performance 12

How is Emotional Intelligence (EI) measured? 13

How is Emotional Intelligence Measured? Some Current Validated EI Measures 14 Emotional Competence Inventory 360 Hay Group www.eihaygroup.com BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I) Multi-Health System www.eqi.mhs.com Mayer-SaloveyCaruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT ) Multi-Health System www.eqi.mhs.com The Emotional Intelligence Appraisal TalentSmart www.talentsmart.com Emotional Intelligence View 360 (EIV360) Envisia Learning www.envisialearning. com

Does Intelligence predict job success and performance? 15

Approaches to Personnel Selection Which are Most Predictive? AVERAGE VALIDITY 16 A WORK SAMPLE TESTS .38 to .54 B INTELLIGENCE TESTS .38 to .51 C ASSESSMENT CENTERS .41 to .50 D PEER/SUPERVISORY RATINGS .41 to .49 E .24 to .35 F WORK HISTORY UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS G PERSONALITY INVENTORIES .15 to .31 H REFERENCE CHECKS .14 to .26 I TRAINING RATINGS J SELF RATINGS .13 to .15 .10 to .15 K EDUCATION / GPA .00 to .10 L INTERESTS / VALUES M AGE .15 to .38 .00 to .10 .-.01 to .00

Does Intelligence Predict Job Performance? Meta-analysis was used to aggregate results from 151 studies examining the relationship between intelligence and leadership success Results indicated that the correlation between intelligence and leadership is .21 (uncorrected) and .27 (corrected for range restriction) Overall, results suggest that the relationship between intelligence and leadership is considerably lower than previously thought Judge, T., Colbert, A. & Ilies, R. (2004). Intelligence and Leadership: A quantitative review and test of theoretical propositions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 542-552 17

Is Emotional Intelligence associated with job performance and career success? 18

Emotional Intelligence & Job Performance Meta-analytic studies have shown that conscientiousness and emotional stability have been the most consistent predictors of job performance across diverse job families In 5 of 7 independent samples of employees, those high in conscientiousness who were also low in agreeableness (interpersonal awareness and interpersonal skills) received significantly lower overall ratings of job performance compared to those high in agreeableness Witt, L., Burke, L., Barrick, M. & Mount, M. (2002). The interactive effects of conscientiousness and agreeableness on job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 164-169 19

Emotional Intelligence & Job Performance 4 independent studies explored the role of social skills in the conscientiousness-performance relationship Among mangers and technical employees high in social skill, conscientiousness was positively related to job performance but those low in social skill the relationship was negative Witt & Ferris. (2003). Social Skill as a moderator of the conscientiousness-performance relationship: Convergent results across four studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 809-820 20

Emotional Intelligence & Job Performance This study investigated the relationship between self and managerial rating congruence (self-insight) on two measures of assessment center performance with 144 supervisors In-agreement/good raters and over-estimators were rated significantly higher by assessors compared to Inagreement /poor raters and under-estimators In-agreement/poor raters and under-estimators had lower overall in-basket scores than in-agreement/good raters Nowack, K.M. (1997). Congruence between self-other ratings and assessment center performance. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12 (5), 145-166 21

Self-Awareness & Job Performance AGREEMENT CATEGORIES CAREER IMPACT DEVELOPMENT REQUIRED IN-AGREEMENT / GOOD LOW IN-AGREEMENT / POOR - HIGH UNDER-ESTIMATORS LOW OVER-ESTIMATORS - HIGH Nowack, K. (1997). Congruence between self and other ratings and assessment center performance. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 12, 145-166 22

Emotional Intelligence & Job Performance Additional Evidence: 70% of employees’ perception of the organizational climate is associated with the emotional intelligence of the leader (Goleman, 2002) Positive mood of the leader promotes worker productivity and retention (George & Bettenhausen, 1990) Team members tend to share moods whether positive or negative with more positive moods associated with increased performance (Totterdell et. Al, 1998) A study by National Insurance Company found that agents low in EI sold policies of 54,000 compared to those high in EI worth 114,000 (Hay McBer, 2000) 23

Emotional Intelligence & Job Performance A meta-analysis of 69 independent studies explored the predictive validity of emotional intelligence with diverse job performance outcomes (Van Rooy & Viswesvaran, 2004) Results suggested diverse measures of EI correlated .23 with job performance (k 19, N 4158) and .22 with general mental ability 24

The Necessary Ingredients for Changing Individual Behavior Awareness EI Motivation Nowack, K. and Heller, B. (2001). Making executive coaching work. Trainingmag.com 25

Research on the Effects of Intelligence (EI) on Career Success “IQ” “EI” CAREER ADVANCEMENT 26 LOW “EI” CAREER DERAILMENT

Are there differences in Emotional Intelligence between male and female leaders? 27

Leadership Differences Between Males & Females Recent meta-analytical research comparing the leadership styles of women and men has found for both the presence and absence of differences between the sexes Findings suggest that women tend to adopt a more democratic or participative style and a less autocratic or directive style than do men 28

OPD 360-Degree Feedback Research Gender Differences in Competency Self Ratings Communicatio ns Active Listening Written Communications Oral Communications Oral Presentation Vision/Goal Setting 29 Leadership Interpersonal Problem Solving Planning/ Organizing Sensitivity Strategic Problem Analysis Administrative Control/Follow-Up Coaching/ Development Delegation Conflict Management Performance Management Team Building Performance Appraisal Recognizing Others Employee Development Leadership Decisiveness/ Judgment Note: Self-Ratings of men (N 801) are significantly higher than women on the bolded competencies (N 417),all p’s .01

360-Degree Feedback Research Gender Differences in Leadership Self/Other Ratings LEADERSHIP COMPETENCY Women (N 417) are rated significantly higher than men (N 801)by all rating groups There are no significant differences in self-ratings between men and women on overall ratings of 30 32.5 32.0 Estimated Marginal Means Significant interaction effect is found between rater X gender Leadership Factor 31.5 GENDER 31.0 male 30.5 female Self RATER Subordinate Supervisor Team

Emotional Intelligence Current Issues & Controversies Confusion about an accepted definition and consistent model of emotional intelligence Confusion about the meanings of other closely related concepts such as emotional literacy, emotional health, emotional skill, and emotional competency Unsupported claims about the power and predictive ability of emotional intelligence for job performance, career success, and health Weak measures of the constructs underlying emotional intelligence models Strong statistical overlap of emotional intelligence scales with well established personality constructs (e.g., five factor personality inventory scales) Personality research that does not support the supposed malleability of emotional intelligence with the relative fixity of traditional IQ 31

What does the Emotional Intelligence View 360 measure? 32

Relationship Management Model Emotional Intelligence View 360 Competencies Self Management Self-Development Self-Development Adaptability/ Empathy Organizational Awareness Adaptability/Stress Tolerance Stress Service Orientation Tolerance Self-Control Trustworthiness Self-Control Strategic Problem Trustworthiness Solving Strategic Problem Achievement Solving Orientation/Drive Achievement for Results Orientation 33 Relationship Management Building Strategic Relationships Conflict Management Leadership/ Influence Interpersonal Sensitivity/Empat hy Team/ Interpersonal Support Collaboration Communication Listening Oral Communication Two-Way Feedback Oral Presentation Written Communication

What are the features of the Emotional Intelligence View 360 instrument? 34

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Features Measures 17 Competencies 74 Behavioral Questions Online Administration Reliable and Valid Scales Scoring Bureau Service Comprehensive Summary Feedback Report with Developmental Planning Resources 35

360-Degree Process Objectives To identify skill strengths development needs to enhance job performance To provide participants with feedback and developmental recommendations To facilitate the implementation of a professional development plan 36

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Report Components Emotional Intelligence View 360 (EIV360) Competency Definitions and Conceptual Model Self-Awareness/Social Awareness Comparison Graphs EIV360 Overall Competency Graphs (self and other comparisons) Most Frequent/Least Frequent Behavior Summary Summary of Average Scores by Rater Category with Statistical Measure of Rater Agreement Written Comments by Raters Developmental Action Plan 37

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Sample Online Questions 38

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Confidentiality of the Feedback Process KEY POINTS All raters are anonymous except for the “manager” in the EIV360 feedback report Online administration uses passwords to protect confidentiality (Internet administration) No bar graphs are shown unless at least two raters respond in a rater category (anonymity protection) The summary feedback report is shared only with the respondent and is intended for development purposes only The respondent decides how much of the summary feedback report he/she wants to share with others 39

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Graphs: Self-Other Perceptions 40

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Graphs Section KEY POINTS Emotional Intelligence View 360 uses average scores based on the 1 to 7 frequency scale The bar graphs summarize self and other perceptions on each of the 17 separate EIV360 competencies The legend to the right of the graph will summarize average score and number of raters for each category Range of scores for each rater group are graphed 41

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Most/Least Frequent Section KEY POINTS The “Most Frequent” section and “Least Frequent” section summarizes those competencies and behaviors that were most frequently/least frequently observed by various rater groups The number in the first column corresponds to the average score for all raters providing feedback (1 to 7 scale) The “Most Frequent” should be considered as perceived strengths to leverage and build on The “Least Frequent” should be considered as possible behaviors to practice more frequently 42

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Most/Least Frequent Section 43

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Sample Awareness View Report 44

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Awareness View Report KEY POINTS Emotional Intelligence View 360 provides a snapshot of self/social awareness in a series of graphs highlighting four areas: 1. Potential Strengths (Low Self Ratings & High Other Ratings) 2. Confirmed Strengths (High Self Ratings & High Other Ratings) 3. Potential Development Areas (High Self Ratings & Low Other Ratings) 4. Confirmed Development Areas (Low Self Ratings & Low Other Ratings) 45

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Sample Overall Item Summary Report 46

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Overall Item Summary/Rater Agreement KEY POINTS Each Emotional Intelligence View 360 question is summarized and categorized in its appropriate competency Average scores across all raters are reported for each competency and question A statistical measure of rater agreement based on the standard deviation is reported as a percentage—a score less than 50% suggests that the raters providing feedback had enough disagreement to warrant a cautious interpretation of the average score reported (e.g., raters had diverse perceptions and rated the participant quite differently on that question or competency) 47

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Sample Comments Report 48

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Written Comments Section KEY POINTS Comments are randomly listed by all raters who volunteered to share written perceptions to two open-ended questions (perceptions of strengths and development areas) Comments are provided verbatim from the online questionnaire—no editing Some comments are specific, behavioral and constructive— others may be less useful or hard to understand It is important to focus on themes that emerge, rather than, to dwell on any one individual comment 49

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Feedback Report Questions to Consider Do I understand my Emotional Intelligence View 360 feedback report? Does it seem accurate/valid? Is the feedback similar or different for the different rater groups? Are the areas perceived by others for development relevant to my current or future position? Am I motivated to change? 50

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Habits are Hard to Change 52 NEW YEARS RESOLUTIONS: 25% abandon new behaviors after 15 weeks; 60% make the same resolution the next year WEIGHT LOSS: 95% of those who lose weight regain it back within 2 years SMOKING: Only 13-14% are abstinent 6 to 12 months after quitting ALCOHOL: 90% of those treated have a drink within 3 months; 50% return to pre-drinking levels within a year Leadership Change: A recent meta-analysis of 26 longitudinal studies indicate significant but small effect sizes suggesting that is unrealistic to expect large performance improvement after people receive performance feedback

Translating Awareness into Behavior Change Enlighten: Provide an electronic version of the assessment to help employees review and understand his/her feedback report Encourage: Provide a structured process to review the feedback report, ask reflective questions to increasing motivation to want to change behavior and to identify one or more areas to focus developmental efforts Enable: Through the use of monthly reminders and a comprehensive competency resource library, users are able to track and monitor progress on his/her developmental action plans online 53

Talent Accelerator Behavior Change Model Conscious Incompetence Conscious Competence Talent Accelerator and Coaching Feedback from Assessments Unconscious Incompetence 54 Unconscious Competence

Description of the Talent Accelerator 55 The Talent Accelerator is a web-based competency development tool integrated with Envisia Learning assessments The Talent Accelerator will provide you with a guided process for developmental planning based on “Best Practices” of how people successfully change The online tool is designed to help translate awareness from all of our assessments into lasting behavior change

Components of the Talent Accelerator 56 Development Resource Library: Comprehensive source of readings, websites, media, and suggestions to facilitate your development Feedback Reports: Electronic copy of your assessment summary report. Development Suggestions: Tips and developmental suggestions and tips to enhance your effectiveness Development Journal: Opportunity for participants to maintain a confidential journal to reflect on their reactions and feelings about his/her developmental journey. Development Planning “Wizard”: Walks you through your assessment and provide a structured way to select developmental competencies Automated Reminders: Select how often you want the system to send you reminders about due dates on your development plan (Preference Tab).

Talent Accelerator Process 57 Users are sent an email with a unique username/password to allow access to Talent Accelerator Access to Talent Accelerator is for a 12-month period Upon log in users will have an electronic copy of his/her assessment report and begin to use the development “wizard” to identify one or more competency areas to focus on those behaviors that are most important At any time users can access the Competency Resource Library to find readings, articles, websites, developmental suggestions, media, blogs, podcasts and other resources targeted to the specific developmental areas of interest Once the developmental action plans are finalized, users can go in Talent Accelerator and update progress and set new goals

Login to the Talent Accelerator 58

Viewing Assessments & Selecting Development Areas 59

Creating an Action Plan—Enable Stage 60

Monitoring Your Development Plan 61

Emotional Intelligence View 360 Next Steps 62 Review your EVI360 summary feedback report Obtain additional feedback from your manager, direct reports, peers and team members Identify specific developmental goals Draft a development plan Meet with your manager to finalize your plan Implement your development plan Track and monitor progress Re-assess Emotional Intelligence View 360 in 10-12 months

Issues in Using 360 Degree Feedback to Increase Self-Awareness 63

Does 360-Degree Feedback Result in Improved Performance? Watson Wyatt’s 2001 Human Capital Index, an ongoing study of the linkages between HR practices and shareholder value at 750 publicly traded US companies found that 360degree feedback programs were associated with a 10.6 percent decrease in shareholder value Pfau, B. & Kay I. (2002). Does 360 degree feedback negatively affect company performance? HR Magazine, Volume 47 (6), June 2002. 64

Does 360-Degree Feedback Result in Improved Performance? A meta-analysis of over 600 studies on feedback found that although there was a significant effect for feedback interventions (d .41), one third of all studies showed performance declines Kluger, A. & DeNisi (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, meta-analysis and preliminary feedback theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 254-285 65

Does 360-Degree Feedback Result in Improved Performance? A recent meta-analysis of 26 longitudinal studies indicate significant but small effect sizes suggesting that it is unrealistic to expect large performance improvement after people receive 360-degree feedback Smither, J., London, M., & Reilly, R. (2005). Does performance improve following multisource feedback? A theoretical model, meta-analysis and review of empirical findings. Personnel Psychology, 58, 33-66 66

Does 360-Degree Feedback Result in Improved Performance? Improvement in performance is most likely to occur when: Feedback indicates change is necessary Recipients perceive a need to change behavior Recipients react positively to feedback Recipients believe change is feasible Recipients set appropriate goals to change behavior Recipients take specific developmental actions Smither, J., London, M., & Reilly, R. (2005). Does performance improve following multisource feedback? A theoretical model, meta-analysis and review of empirical findings. Personnel Psychology, 58, 33-66 67

360-Degree Feedback Success Factors Hold the program participant and manager accountable for discussing results and mutually agreeing on a development plan Provide individual coaching to assist in interpreting the multi-rater feedback Link the multi-rater intervention to a performance management process Target competencies for multi-rater interventions that are related to strategic business needs Nowack, K. Longitudinal Evaluation of a 360 Feedback Program: Implications for Best Practices. Paper presented at the 20th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Los Angeles, March 2005 68

EI Selected Resources 69 Bar-On, R. (1988). The development of an operational concept of psychological well-being. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rhodes University, South Africa. Goleman, D. (1998a). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Goleman, D. (1998b). What makes a leader? Harvard Business Review, November-December. Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., and Caruso, D. (2000). Competing models of emotional intelligence. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of human intelligence, second edition (pp. 396-420). New York: Cambridge University Press, (2000). Sternberg, R. J. (2003). A broad view of intelligence: The theory of successful intelligence. Consulting Psychology Journal, 55, 139-154. Schmidt, F. & Hunter, J. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 262-274 Salovey, P. & Mayer, J.D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185-211. Seligman, Martin E. P. and Csikzentmihalyi, Mihalyi, Positive Psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, January, 2000.

360-Degree Feedback Selected Resources 70 Nowack, K. (1999). 360-Degree feedback. In DG Langdon, KS Whiteside, & MM McKenna (Eds.), Intervention: 50 Performance Technology Tools, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, Inc., pp.34-46. Nowack, K., Hartley, G, & Bradley, W. (1999). Evaluating results of your 360-degree feedback intervention. Training and Development, 53, 48-53. Nowack, K. (1999). Manager View/360. In Fleenor, J. & Leslie, J. (Eds.). Feedback to managers: A review and comparison of sixteen multi-rater feedback instruments (3 rd edition). Center for Creative Leadership, Greensboro, NC., Wimer & Nowack (1998). 13 Common mistakes in implementing multi-rater systems. Training and Development, 52, 69-79. Nowack, K. & Wimer, S. (1997). Coaching for human performance. Training and Development, 51, 28-32. Nowack, K. (1997). Congruence between self and other ratings and assessment center performance. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 12, 145-166 Nowack, K. (1994). The secrets of succession. Training & Development, 48, 49-54 Nowack, K. (1993). 360-degree feedback: The whole story. Training & Development, 47, 69-72 Nowack, K. (1992). Self-assessment and rater-assessment as a dimension of management development. Human Resources Development Quarterly, 3, 141-155.

Emotional Intelligence View 360 3435 Ocean Park Blvd, Suite 214 Santa Monica, CA 90405 (310) 452-5130 (310) 450-0548 Fax [email protected] www.envisialearning.com