ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Computer Architecture and Design Spring 2016

ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Computer Architecture and Design Spring 2016 Introduction Vishwani D. Agrawal James J. Danaher Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 http://www.eng.auburn.edu/ vagrawal [email protected] Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 1

Course Webpage http://www.eng.auburn.edu/ vagrawal/COURSE/E6200 Spr16/ course.html Or, Go to professor’s webpage http://www.eng.auburn.edu/ vagrawal/ Click on ELEC5200-001/6200-001 Computer Architecture and Design, MWF 11AM, Broun 235. Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 2

Course Organization Text book: D. A. Patterson and J. L. Hennessy, Computer Organization & Design, the Hardware/Software Interface, Fifth Edition, Morgan Kaufman (Elsevier), 2014, ISBN 978-012-407726-3. Instructor: Vishwani D. Agrawal, Broun 323, x41853, [email protected]. Graduate Assistant: Yun Wang, [email protected], Broun 357, consulting hours: Friday 3-5PM. Classroom: Broun 235, MWF 11:00-11:50AM. Lab: Broun 320. Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 3

Author of the Text Book Q&A: RISC and Reward, Communications of the ACM, Volume 57, No. 3, pp. March 2014, pages 112 and 111. Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 4

Author of the Text Book Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 5

Student Performance Evaluation Homework (25%): 1 per week, most weeks. Two Class Tests (25%): Test 1, TBD, 11:00-11:50AM, Broun 235. Test 2, TBD, 11:00-11:50AM, Broun 235. CPU Design Project (25%). Final Exam (25%): Tuesday, May 3, 2016, 12:00 – 2:30PM, Broun 235. Class Presentation, if time permits, on assigned topic by ELEC6200 Students; “Satisfactory” grade necessary; attendance necessary for ELEC5200 students. Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 6

Course Objective Learn what a digital computer contains and how it works. Learn design concepts of a modern computer. Gain design experience (through project). Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 7

The Concept of a Computer Application software Systems software User Hardware Operating system compiler assembler Programs user writes and runs Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 8

Software Compiler Application software, a program in C: MIPS compiler output, assembly language program: swap (int v[ ], int k) swap; {int temp; temp v[k]; v[k] v[k 1]; v[k 1] temp; } Application software Assembler muli add lw lw sw sw jr 2, 2, 15, 16, 16, 15, 31 5, 4 4, 2 0 ( 2) 4 ( 2) 0 ( 2) 4 ( 2) MIPS binary machine code: 00000000101000010000000000011000 00000000000110000001100000100001 10001100011000100000000000000000 10001100111100100000000000000100 10101100111100100000000000000000 10101100011000100000000000000100 00000011111000000000000000001000 Systems software Hardware Spring 2016, Jan 13 See pages 122-123 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 9

The Hardware of a Computer Control Datapath Application software Central Processing Unit (CPU) or “processor” Input Memory Output Systems software Hardware Spring 2016, Jan 13 FIVE EASY PIECES ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 10

Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Application software Systems software Hardware Spring 2016, Jan 13 Software Instruction set A set of assembly language instructions (ISA) provides a link between software and hardware. Given an instruction set, software programmers and hardware engineers work more or less independently. ISA is designed to extract the most performance out of the available hardware technology. ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 Hardware 11

ISA Defines registers Defines data transfer modes between registers, memory and I/O Types of ISA: RISC, CISC, VLIW, Superscalar Examples: – – – – – IBM370/X86/Pentium/K6 (CISC) PowerPC (Superscalar) Alpha (Superscalar) MIPS (RISC and Superscalar) Sparc (RISC), UltraSparc (Superscalar) Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 12

Computer Architecture Architecture: System attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program Architecture is visible to a programmer: – Instruction set – Data representation – I/O mechanisms – Memory addressing Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 13

Computer Organization Organization: Physical details that are transparent to a programmer, such as – Hardware implementation of an instruction – Control signals – Memory technology used Example: System/370 architecture has been used in many IBM computers, which widely differ in their organization. Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 14

Architecture and Organization ISA Hardware Engineers Software Programmers Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 15

CPU Design Project Design and implementation of a processor: – Define instruction set – Design datapath and control hardware – Implement hardware in FPGA – Verify Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 16

Research and Developments of Continuing Interest Instruction level parallelism (ILP) Multi-core systems and chip multi-processing (CMP) Processors Inter-processor communication Memory organization Operating system Programming languages Computing algorithms Energy efficiency and low power design Embedded systems Quantum computing, biological computing, . . . Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 17

Summary A computer processes digital data. A user solves problems by writing and running programs written in a high-level programming language like C. Inside computer, system programs called compiler and assembler break the user program down into assembly code (instruction set) and then into binary machine code. The machine code is processed by the 5-piece hardware (control unit, datapath, memory, input and output) to obtain the desired result. Readings on architecture (posted at course website): – S. Borkar and A. A. Chen, “The Future of Microprocessors,” Comm. ACM, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 67-77, May 2011. – L. Hoffmann, “Q&A: RISC and Reward (An Interview with David Patterson),” Comm. ACM, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 112, 111, March 2014. Spring 2016, Jan 13 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 1 18