doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification Submission Slide 1 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Agenda - Why Radio Resource Measurement now? - 802.11 Existing Measurement Approach - Proposed 11k Approach - Requirements - Issues - Futures - Conclusions Submission Slide 2 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Military Communications Needs Connectivity Space Layer: Airborne Layer: Maneuver Layer: WIN-T WIN-T Tactical Unattended Ground Layer: Tactical Sensors Robotics Munitions Assured AssuredCommunications CommunicationsAnywhere Anywhereininthe theWorld WorldWithout WithoutFixed Fixed Infrastructure Setup SlideZero 3 Richar Submission Infrastructureand and Zero SetupTime Time d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Connexion by BoeingSM Connexion by Boeing People working together To revolutionize the way we work, communicate, entertain ourselves and relax while mobile. Submission Slide 4 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Connexion by BoeingSM Submission Onboard Wireless LAN connects passengers to Connexion offboard service Certified usage of passenger wireless devices during BA & DLH trials in the first half of 2003 Full-scale launch of service in April 2004 Slide 5 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 787 Submission Slide 6 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Flight Test Submission Slide 7 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Future Allocation & Utilization Maximum Amplitudes Amplidue (dBm) Heavy Use Heavy Use Sparse Use Medium Use Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilization – Opportunities Exist in Time, Frequency, and Geography RF Spectrum Allocated by Policy – Allocations, Assignments, and Incumbents Vary by Country Frequency (MHz) Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse Activity Temporal Usage Characteristics Vary by Band & Service Potential for Usage Dependent on Incumbent Service & Equipment Static StaticSpectrum SpectrumManagement ManagementisisLimited LimitedininIts ItsAbility AbilitytotoImprove ImproveSpectrum SpectrumUtilization Utilization Efficiencies Slide 8 Richar Submission Efficiencies d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 What is the XG Program? Develop both the Enabling Technologies and System Concepts to Dynamically Utilize Spectrum – Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20) – Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate systems RF emitters detect each other and adjust automatically XG XGSystems SystemsWill WillOpportunistically OpportunisticallyUtilize UtilizeUnoccupied Unoccupied Spectrum Space, and Slide 9 Submission Spectrumin inTime, Time, Space, andFrequency Frequency Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Key Technologies Develop DevelopBoth Boththe theEnabling EnablingTechnology Technologyand andthe theSystem SystemConcepts Conceptstoto Dynamically Use Spectrum Dynamically Use Slide 10 Spectrum Richar Submission d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 RRM Extension Options RRM blue stars show the location of RRM extensions, though RRM pink stars are remotely possible. RRM Applications are outside the 802.11 specs. PHY SAP RRM Submission PLME SAP SME RRM PLCP PMD SAP RRM MLME PLME RRM Applications (outside 802.11) PLME SAP RRM MAC RRM MLME SAP MAC SAP PMD Slide 11 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 11k Scope This Task Group will define Radio Resource Measurement enhancements to provide mechanisms to higher layers for radio and network measurements. Submission Slide 12 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Relationship of RSSI, Operating Point, Sensitivity, SNR Received Signal Strength Operating Margin Actual Operating Point Multipath Impairment observed SNR Rx Sensitivity Rx Implementation Loss Theoretical Operating Point Theorertical minimum SNR needed to support datarate dBm Actual SNR needed to support datarate Rx Equivalent Input Noise Noise Figure Thermal Noise Floor Submission (-101.5 dBm) Slide 13 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 TGh layer management model Extract from 802.11h-D2.1.32, which addresses some measurement extensions for DFS and TPC. SME SME CHANNEL SWITCH Channel Switch Timing MEASURE MLME Measurement Policy Measurement Policy Measurement Processing MREQUEST /MREPORT Channel Switch Decision Measurement Frames MREQUEST /MREPORT MLME Measurement Frames MAC Timing Figure 26 – Layer Management Model PLME Submission Slide 14 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 PMD sublayer Submission Slide 4 David Skellern, Cisco Systems September 2002 doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/568r0 CHANNEL SWITCH MEASURE PHY Layer Management Entity (PLME) MREQUEST /MREPORT PMD SAP Station Management Entity (SME) Measurement Policy PLCP sublayer M LM E SAP PLME SAP PLM E SAP PHY SAP Measurement Frames MAC Layer Management Entity (MLME) Measurement Processing MAC sublayer Channel Switch Decision MAC SAP MAC Timing ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999(E) specifies the following STA architecture (this is Figure 11 of standard) SME MLME doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/568r0 802.11 Station Architecture Channel Switch Timing September 2002 PLME 11h 802.11 Station Architecture MAC Layer Management Entity (MLME) PHY SAP PLME SAP Submission Submission Slide 4 David Skellern, Cisco Systems Slide 15 SME PMD sublayer Measurement Policy PHY Layer Management Entity (PLME) Measurement Frames PMD SAP Station Management Entity (SME) MLME PLCP sublayer M LM E SAP MAC sublayer PLM E SAP MAC SAP MREQUEST /MREPORT ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999(E) specifies the following STA architecture (this is Figure 11 of standard) Richar d Paine

WLAN Context Transfer doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, preauth, address, etc) 802.11 Submission Slide 16 Context Transfer Richar Packetd Paine

WLAN Context Transfer doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, preauth, address, etc) 802.11 Submission Slide 17 Context Transfer Richar Packetd Paine

WLAN Context Transfer doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, preauth, address, etc) 802.11 Submission Slide 18 Context Transfer Richar Packetd Paine

WLAN Context Transfer doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, preauth, address, etc) 802.11 Submission Slide 19 Context Transfer Richar Packetd Paine

WLAN Context Transfer doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, preauth, address, etc) 802.11 Submission Slide 20 Context Transfer Richar Packetd Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 AP Measurements Context 802.11h or Request Blob For Info Context Blob 10/100BaseT AP1 AP Table STA1 Per STA Table Processor Certs Pre-auth User CIM Schema QoS Submission Slide 21 Context Blob Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Card Measurements AP1 Submission STA1 Slide 22 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 RRM Big Picture Application Users of Radio Information Upper Layers Presentation Session Users of Radio Information Transport Users of Radio Information IP Users of Radio Information Interface to Upper Layers MAC and PHY Layers Submission MAC Radio Information MAC PHY Radio Information PHY Slide 23 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 RRM Extension Options RRM blue stars show the likely location of RRM extensions, though RRM pink stars are (remotely) possible. RRM Applications are outside the 802.11 specs. PHY SAP RRM Submission PLME SAP SME RRM PLCP PMD SAP RRM MLME PLME RRM Applications (outside 802.11) PLME SAP RRM MAC RRM MLME SAP MAC SAP PMD Slide 24 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 RRM MAC/PHY Interchanges MAC SAP MAC PHY SAP 11h Get Req-Air MLME MLME SAP Frame Report Report Request Reports NDIS Linux RPE Histogram PLME SAP AP1 PMD SAP Get CCA CCA MGT PLME REQUESTS REPORTS SME STA1 PLME SAP PLCP PMD Mgt Frames Beacon on Setup Submission Slide 25 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 MAC/PHY Context 802.11f Context Blob 802.11h Request for Information SME SME MLME MAC MLME MAC AP1 AP1 PLCP STA1 STA1 PLME PLCP PLME PMD PMD AP STA AP STA 802.11h Request for Information SME MLME MAC SMEMLME MAC SMEMLME MAC SMEMLME MAC AP1 AP1 AP1 AP1 PLCP PLCP STA1 PLME PMD STA1 Submission STA1 PLME PMD STA2 Slide 26 PLCP STA1 PLME PMD STA3 PLCP STA1 PLME PMD STA4 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 MIBs – current 802.11 – Basic measurements & configuration for STA – Widely implemented in APs – Very simple monitoring of global AP statistics 802.1x – Detailed auth state for individual 1x ports – Also some per port statistics – Not widely implemented in access points today Bridge MIB – Possible to get some info on which STAs are associated with an AP – Implemented in some APs – Not 802.11 specific, little MAC, and no PHY statistics Submission Slide 27 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Work from Other TGs 802.11d – dot11CountryString TGe – dot11AssociatedStationCount – dot11ChannelUtilization – dot11FrameLossRate TGi – Write only key access, & IV status TGh – Configuration, but no status, monitoring or statistics!!! Submission Slide 28 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Purpose of Additions Enable better diagnostics of problems – Using info that is easy and cheap to gather Enable better frequency planning, optimize network performance – Enable automatic frequency planning Enable new services – Location based services – Voice Over IP (VOIP) Submission Slide 29 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Diagnostics Interference from non 802.11 sources Interference from other 802.11 networks Interference from other APs within same ESS Interference from other APs within different ESSs Submission Slide 30 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Added Station Table to MIB Station table is list of wireless STAs an AP knows about Also applicable to IBSS Currently implemented by many APs, as proprietary MIB/telnet/web interface Submission Slide 31 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Stations Listed in Table Only wireless stations listed Stations that have communicated with this STA – – – – Authenticating stations Authenticated stations Associated stations WDS links Wireless stations known about through DS only (e.g. pre-auth) Submission Slide 32 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Stations communicated with Table includes all stations a station has received any frames from For each station expose full state of communication with that station – Pre RSN authentication state – 802.1x port ID Further auth info can be found from 802.1x MIB – Association state – Detailed link statistics Submission Slide 33 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Link Statistics dot11MACStatistics Counts of – MSDUs/MPDUs received/transmitted – Channel utilization in rx & tx direction Measured as total μs Data rate & modulation of last rx and tx RSSI, RCPI, and signal quality Link margin as seen by other station – Available for 11h stations – Either use recent measurement report, or request report for each SNMP request Submission Slide 34 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Add MAC Statistics to MIB Channel utilization from TGe Total associated stations Total authenticated stations Optional events to notify mgmt station of authentication and association events – Current MIB sends TRAPS on assoc/auth failures Submission Slide 35 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Events to Report Allow all events to be configurable as – Not reported – Reported as TRAP (unreliable) – Reported as INFORM (reliable) Default configuration should give same events as current 802.11 MIB Report all pre RSN auth/deauth events Report all association/deassocation events Submission Slide 36 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Requirements Categories Data, Voice, Video Data – QoS, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Voice – RSSI, RCPI, S/N, Delay, Jitter, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Video – RSSI, RCPI, S/N, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Diagnostics (non-802.11, 802.11, other APs) Access Point Table Station Table (BSS and IBSS) Link stats (counts, data rates, RSSI, link margin) MAC Statistics (channel utilization, total stations, events) Events (auth, deauth, associate, deassociate, current MIB) Coexistence Measurements Retries Clear Channel Assessment Submission Slide 37 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Technical Topics MIBs Signal Strength Standardizing RSSI (RCPI) Real Time Parameters Real Time Issues Retries Measuring Transmission Speeds Measuring Throughput in WLANs VOIP Radio Resource Issues Video Radio Resource Issues Additional Information needed in the MIBs (802.1x, 802.11, 802.1p) Diagnostics Needed for Effective Mgt of WLANs Submission Slide 38 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Goal of Radio Measurement: Initial deployment – Enable some degree of automatic radio configuration Network expansion – Enable some degree of automatic radio reconfiguration Enable Radio Aware Performance (monitoring, roaming, handoff) – Provide information to monitor radio performance and fix problems – Facilitate better roaming Submission Slide 39 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Define Radio Configuration: A set of 802.11 parameter values, individualized for each BSS in a WLAN, that determine WLAN radio performance Including, but not limited to: –BSS channel –AP transmit power –Client transmit power limit Submission Slide 40 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 What will radio measurements allow us to do? – Simplify and/or automate WLAN radio configuration – Achieve better performance in dense BSS deployments – Better utilize radio resources across client stations – Alert WLAN administrator to problems – Notify client station users of current radio status – Each company uses measurements to add value Submission Slide 41 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 What did we measure? –Attributes that characterize the WLAN radio environment –Attributes that affect or reflect WLAN radio performance –Attributes that are not manufacturer specific –Define the simplest, smallest set of measurements required Submission Slide 42 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Two Categories of RM Statistical Measurements characterize the radio environment in a long-term statistical sense. For example, – Measure 802.11 traffic load as channel busy fraction1 – Measure non-802.11 interference as received power histogram1 Identity Measurements identify stations that affect each other’s performance. For example, – Identify each neighbor AP by overhearing its MAC address – Identify each neighbor STA and its serving AP in a similar manner – Identify hidden STA when receiving downlink frames with no ACK 1: these measurements are already in 802.11h specification Submission Slide 43 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 What changes are needed in all stas? Wireless MAC message protocol – Built on 802.11h mechanisms and measurement frames – Added RRM capability bit and RRM action frame type – Augmented 802.11h measurements with new requests/reports MAC firmware – Handle new management frames in the wireless MAC protocol – Compute measurement payloads from PHY registers and traffic Submission Slide 44 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 What additional changes are needed in access points? Process measurement requests from external entity – Translate external request into measurement action at AP radio – Translate request into action frame and send to client stations – Perform these actions at periodic interval, if requested Accumulate, store and/or report measurements – Measurements taken at the AP radio – Measurements reported by client stations – Method of conveyance is a separate discussion Submission Slide 45 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 What should not change at any station? – Wireless MAC control frames and procedures – Wireless MAC data frames and procedures – Any hardware, including MAC and PHY Submission Slide 46 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Future Allocation & Utilization Maximum Amplitudes Amplidue (dBm) Heavy Use Heavy Use Sparse Use Medium Use Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilization – Opportunities Exist in Time, Frequency, and Geography RF Spectrum Allocated by Policy – Allocations, Assignments, and Incumbents Vary by Country Frequency (MHz) Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse Activity Temporal Usage Characteristics Vary by Band & Service Potential for Usage Dependent on Incumbent Service & Equipment Static StaticSpectrum SpectrumManagement ManagementisisLimited LimitedininIts ItsAbility AbilitytotoImprove ImproveSpectrum SpectrumUtilization Utilization Efficiencies Slide 47 Richar Submission Efficiencies d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 What is the XG Program? Develop both the Enabling Technologies and System Concepts to Dynamically Utilize Spectrum – Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20) – Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate systems RF emitters detect each other and adjust automatically XG XGSystems SystemsWill WillOpportunistically OpportunisticallyUtilize UtilizeUnoccupied Unoccupied Spectrum and SlideSpace, 48 Submission Spectrumin inTime, Time, Space, andFrequency Frequency Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Key Technologies Develop DevelopBoth Boththe theEnabling EnablingTechnology Technologyand andthe theSystem SystemConcepts Conceptstoto Dynamically Use Spectrum Dynamically Use Slide 49 Spectrum Richar Submission d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 Conclusions Measurements Necessary for Future Growth Fast Track for Radio Resource Measurement More Control May Be Adopted as a Next Step (another task group, 11v) Future Technologies Require More Measurement Automating Radio Environment Adaptation Submission Slide 50 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 11k Status Jan 06 3rd Letter Ballot Passed Expect to go to Recirculation Letter Ballot Winter 06 Expect to go to Sponsor Ballot Spring or Summer 06 Expect to be a standard by late 06 or early 07 Submission Slide 51 Richar d Paine

doc.: IEEE 802.11-05/XXXr0 For WiFi Alliance Introduce 11k Request start of acceptance/testing/conformance criteria Next major step to 802.11 sophistication and development VOIP via the Neighbor Report Tools to further the standard and the industry Submission Slide 52 Richar d Paine