Discovering DNA What is DNA? 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 2pt 2pt

Discovering DNA What is DNA? 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 2pt 2pt 2 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 4 pt 4 pt 4pt 4 pt 4pt 5pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt DNA RNA& Protein DNA vs. RNA Replication Synthesis

Who discovered the shape of the DNA molecule? What did they call the shape?

Watson & Crick, Double Helix

What did Griffith study and what did he conclude?

He studied bacteria and concluded that a “factor” was being transformed from one bacteria to another

What molecules did Hershey & Chase look at to identify what was responsible for transformation?

DNA & Protein

What biomolecule(s) was Avery testing to find out was not responsible for transformation?

Lipids, carbohydrates, protein, &RNA

What did Franklin use to help identify the shape of the DNA molecule?

X-Ray Diffraction

The basic unit of DNA is .

Nucleotide

What type of bonds hold the 2 strands of DNA together? Are these bonds strong or weak, Explain.

Hydrogen bonds, Weak since replication always is occurring you need DNA to be able to unwind with ease

What makes up the sides of the DNA molecule?

Phosphate group & 5 carbon sugar deoxyribose

What makes up the middle of the DNA molecule? List all of them by name.

Nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

List the complementary DNA sequence from the following: AGT CGT GAT

TCA GCA CTA

Where does DNA replication occur in Eukaryotic cells? Why? Does prokaryotic cells differ at all?

Nucleus, DNA is extremely important any damage that occurs can affect the entire individual. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

Why must DNA make copies of itself?

In order for mitosis/meiosis to occur you need DNA for every cell.

What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication?

DNA has to unwind with the help of DNA helicase.

What acts as the template for DNA replication?

Both sides of the original strand

How do they 2 new molecules of DNA compare to one another?

They are the same. Each new molecule has 1 original strand and 1 new strand

What process converts DNA to mRNA? Where does it occur?

Transcription, Nucleus

What are the 3 types of RNA? What are their functions?

mRNA – carrying the message from DNA rRNA – make up ribosomes tRNA – transfer message into a protein

What is the process called that converts mRNA into a peptide chain? Where does it occur?

Translation, cytoplasm (ribosome)

Write out the mRNA sequence from the DNA strand: TGA – GAC - ATA

ACU – CUG - UAU

What is the basic building block of a protein? Why are proteins so important?

Amino acids, Proteins can regulate all chemical reactions that occur in your body.

Where is DNA always found? Where can RNA be found?

Inside nucleus only, both inside & outside nucleus

What nitrogenous base is found only in DNA and not in RNA?

Thymine

Compare the structure of the DNA & RNA molecule

DNA: Double stranded RNA: Single stranded

What type of mutations can occur along DNA & RNA molecules?

Point mutations, Frame shift mutations

What enzymes help DNA unwind & replicate? What enzymes help RNA transcribe?

Helicase & DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase