Diagnosis of disease M2/D2 Learning Aim B Physiological disorders and

Diagnosis of disease M2/D2 Learning Aim B Physiological disorders and their care

Diagnosis of disease: LA B P2: Compare investigative and diagnostic procedures for different types of physiological disorders. M2: Assess the importance of specific procedures in confirming the diagnosis of physiological disorders. D2: Justify the potential benefits of different investigations of treatment options for service users with physiological disorders.

N.I.C.E The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is a nondepartmental public body that provides national guidance and advice to improve health and social care in England. NICE guidelines make evidence-based recommendations on a wide range of topics, from preventing and managing specific conditions, improving health, and managing medicines in different settings, to providing social care and support to adults and children, and planning broader services and interventions to improve the health of communities.

N.I.C.E Many guideline recommendations are for individual health and social care practitioners, who should use them in their work in conjunction with their own judgement and discussion with people using services. Some recommendations are for local authorities, commissioners and managers, and cover planning, commissioning and improving services; others are for providers (organisations providing services), schools, and local and national organisations and partnerships in the public, private and voluntary sectors. In addition to the recommendations, guidelines also summarise the evidence behind the recommendations and explain how the recommendations were derived from the evidence. NICE guidelines cover health and care in England.

NICE develops guidelines according to the following core principles: Guidance is based on the best available evidence of what works, and what it costs. Guidance is developed by independent and unbiased committees of experts. All our committees include at least 2 lay members (people with personal experience of using health or care services, including carers, or from a community affected by the guideline). Regular consultation allows organisations and individuals to comment on our recommendations. Once published, all NICE guidance is regularly checked, and updated in the light of new evidence or intelligence if necessary. We are committed to advancing equality of opportunity and ensuring that the social value judgements we make reflect the values of society. We ensure that our processes, methods and policies remain up-to-date.

NICE develops guidelines for all disorders www.hcchealth1.com Links to the right page for your disorder SUMMARISE the tests and steps they would take Keep it simple

Assignment time! M2 1. How does NICE develop its guidelines? 2. What are the NICE guidelines for healthcare professionals on the diagnosis of this disorder? 3. What order are the tests to be carried out in? Don’t forget to include your Introduction and Bibliography!

Tailored to the individual? Specific and individual signs and symptoms Local availability Personal preference Empowered – own at home Invasive

Similarities and differences Peak flow test Spirometry FeNO testing Bronchial challenge test

Similarities and differences Setting delivered? Age of patient? Time it takes? Expensive equipment? Highly trained staff? Invasive- into someone’s body or cutting into someone’s body? Lengthy preparation? Information it gives the doctor?

Assignment time! M2 4. How will the procedures chosen be tailored to the individual? 5. How are the tests similar and how are they different? Don’t forget to include your Introduction and Bibliography!

Diagnosis of disease, LA B: D2 P2: Compare investigative and diagnostic procedures for different types of physiological disorders. M2: Assess the importance of specific procedures in confirming the diagnosis of physiological disorders. D2: Justify the potential benefits of different investigations and treatment options for service users with physiological disorders.

Diagnosis of disease, LA B: D2 Test Benefits Weaknesses

Assignment time! D2 part 1. Complete a table explaining the benefits/strengths and weaknesses of each test for the service user with the disorder. Don’t forget to include your Introduction and Bibliography!

Assignment time! D2 part 2. How important is each test for diagnosing the disorder? 3. Why is a range of different tests needed? Don’t forget to include your Introduction and Bibliography!

D2, 3. Why is a range of different tests needed? Measure / show different things – gives as fuller picture Results may be unclear May have co-morbidity Might not be able to compete the test May not all be suitable for children Under different conditions – exercise, different trigger etc. Determine how severe your disorder is / far it has progressed Need to rule out other similar conditions

D2, 4. Justify the potential benefits of the procedure for the service user with the disorder – can you find any statistics to support your points? Easy to do at home Can do it regularly and keep a close eye on your symptoms Quick appointment Local Non-invasive Quick result Accurate Patient at the centre of their care

Justify 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Make a point / explain an idea Parkinson’s example Give positives and negatives Decide which is most important Prove it – what is the outcome / impact? Can you find good evidence – from textbook, good quality internet source? Reference your research

Assignment time! D2 part 4. Justify the potential benefits of the procedure for the service user with the disorder – can you find any statistics to support your points? Don’t forget to include your Introduction and Bibliography!

For Pass: Learners must select and organise information using appropriate knowledge and concepts on investigative and diagnostic procedures for two different physiological disorders, making suitable judgements. For Merit: Learners must interrelate investigative and diagnostic procedures for two different physiological disorders, drawing suitable conclusions. For Distinction: Learners must draw on knowledge and understanding of investigative and diagnostic procedures for two different physiological disorders, making suitable justifications.

Assignment time! Overall conclusion: 1. Why are a range of investigative and diagnostic tests needed to give a true diagnosis and prevent misdiagnosis? 2. Why is listening to patients and their families important during this process? 3. Why must other disorders be eliminated when making a diagnosis? 4. What could the impact be of a misdiagnosis on both the service user and the healthcare professionals? *You must reference where this information has been taken from – keep a list in your