CS101 Home Network Basics

CS101 Home Network Basics

Computers love bytes and a factor of 1024 Up to now we have been using bytes as our main unit of measurement with a factor of 1024 For instance storage measured in bytes – 1 bit 0 or 1 – 1 bit * 8 8 bits one byte – 1 byte * 1024 1024 bytes 1 Kilobyte – 1 byte * 1024 * 1024 1,048,576 bytes 1 Megabyte – 1 byte * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 1,073,741,824 bytes 1 Gigabyte – 1 byte * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 1,099,511,627,776 bytes 1 Terabyte

Networks Love Bits and a Factor of 1000 Movement measured in: bits per second (bps) – bps How many bits go by a point in one second – Also called Data Transmission Rate 1 bps 1 bit per second 1bps*1000 1000bps 1 kilobit per second 1 kbps 1bps*1000*1000 1,000,000bps 1 megabit per second 1 Mbps 1bps*1000 *1000*1000 1,000,000,000bps 1 gigabit per second 1 Gbps Etc

Test your speed often! ISP’s will happily charge you for speeds you are not getting Google “Speed Test” Try and test with direct (Ethernet cable) connection to router Test at different times Complain to ISP if not getting promised speed

What is a network? Network Devices connected together so that they can exchange information

A (home) network needs 3 things Network Software – Instructions to move information between devices Protocols – Agree upon way to do things Connection – Way to move information between devices

Home Network Software Built into the operating system To see network settings: – Windows Start menu Network and Internet – Macintosh Apple menu System Preferences Network

Home Network Protocols Handled by the networking software Since everyone wants their network to be able to communicate with everyone else's network we all use the same protocols To be part of the Internet you need to use the TCP/IP protocols Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol Example http Hyper Text Transfer Protocol to move web pages around in an agreed upon way

Home Connection A Device Needs a NIC or a NI To connect a device to a network it needs a: – NIC Network Interface Controller (or Card) or a – NI Network Interface A NIC or NI allows a device like a computer, printer, scanner, etc, to connect to a network Good to know because every NIC and NI has a MAC address – Media Access Control address – Unique address for each item on a network Can be found in System Information under Network Adapter

Home Connection – How do I connect all my devices? What is at the center of a typical home network? – Router or Router/Modem Smart device that takes a message in one port and only sends it out the port that is connected to the device that is suppose to get the message. It can send information between two different networks, such as, your home network and the Internet. Most routers have ports to plug in Ethernet cables and wireless for Wi-Fi. What is a Wi-Fi home mesh network? – Multiple Wi-Fi routers designed to work well with each other to eliminate wireless dead zones.

Get your own router! Get your own router and save money not renting one from your ISP. Also, increase security by making you different from everyone else. PC Websites Best Routers and Mesh Networks Best Wireless Routers Best Wi-Fi Mesh Networks

Home connection options Wireless (Wi-Fi) Wired

Home connection options - Wireless Wireless (Wi-Fi) – 802.11 a letter used to tell you which version, now they will be numbered as 4, 5, 6 and 7 are the most current. Versions of Wi-Fi Later standards are better: more range, faster, better security A wireless router radios the information to devices on the network. – Good to get router that broadcasts in more then one frequency i.e. 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz.

The only way to know is verify encryption is being used! Password is not proof you are encrypted. Proof is in Network settings look for – WPA3- ASE

If you go wireless Password Protect Router – Change default password of router Make sure wireless encryption is on and create good password WEP Not quite as bad as nothing WPA Bit Better WPA2 Even A Bit Better WPA3 Currently the best. Use ASE not TKIP Think about MAC address filtering and other options. – Ready wireless router manual

Home network connection options Wired – Ethernet cables Fast Ethernet 10Mbps/100Mbps Gigabit Ethernet 10Mbps/100Mbps/1000Mbps – Power Line Networking (electrical system) – Phone Line Networking (phone system)

What do you have when you have setup your home network? You have a L.A.N LAN Local Area Network All the equipment is in the same physical area

What do you have when you hookup some LAN’s in the same city? You have a M.A.N MAN Metropolitan Area Network LAN’s hooked together in the same city

What do you have when you hookup some LAN’s in different cities? You have a W.A.N WAN Wide Area Network LAN’s hooked together in the different cities

What do you have when you hookup lots of LAN’s, MAN’s, and WAN’s? You have the Internet Internet Refers to the equipment that makes up the biggest network in the world