CIAO DC 2013 Interactive Roadmap Generation in Enterprise Architecture

CIAO DC 2013 Interactive Roadmap Generation in Enterprise Architecture Planning Philipp Diefenthaler, 15. May 2013 Supervisor Prof. Dr. Bernhard Bauer, University of Augsburg

Agenda 1. Motivation & Problem Identification 2. Proposed Solution 3. State of the thesis & Achievements 4. Future Plans 5. Q & A Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Motivation Change is an essential part Internally and externally events trigger change of enterprises Enterprises need to change in order to stay competitive Enterprise Architecture Planning supports the definition of the target and the creation of the plan how to get from the current to the target state Enterprise models, i.e. of the current and target state, can support the communication and analysis Complexity of problems that are addressed and modeling can be supported by appropriate tools - Interaction A Roadmap is an “abstracted plan for business or technology change, typically operating across multiple disciplines over multiple years” (TOGAF 9.1, chapter 3) describes the transformation path, in a qualitative and quantitative way, from the current to a target state (Engels et al.: Quasar Enterprise, p. 291) Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

EA Planning Process - Aier at al. 2009 Complexity Levels of Representing Dynamics in EA Planning in Albani, Barjis et al. (Ed.) 2009 – Advances in Enterprise Engineering III p. 64 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Transformation Model (TM) What is it and why is it important? TM contains information which element is successor of which element Each Model contains elements and relationships E.g. model of current and target state Transformation model is necessary for roadmapping as it constrains the possible sequencing of changes Aier, Stephan and Gleichauf, Bettina: Application of Enterprise Models for Engineering Enterprise Transformation in Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures 5(1) 2010 p. 64 Research Question (RQ) 1: Which preliminaries and extensions to transformation models are necessary to allow an interactive roadmap generation? RQ 2: How can resources and time be considered to allow the scheduling of a roadmap? Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Dependent Changes Projects are the implementers of change and create and delete certain artifacts (Sousa et al., An Approach for Creating and Managing Enterprise Blueprints: A Case for IT Blueprints in Albani, Barjis et al. (Ed.) 2009 – Advances in Enterprise Engineering III) Every project has a deadList and aliveList for artifacts Dependent elements in one state if they have a relationship to each other ( Aier, Stephan and Gleichauf, Bettina: Application of Enterprise Models for Engineering Enterprise Transformation in Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures 5(1) 2010 p. 64) Dependent changes are changes that influence each other and cannot be planned separately Changes have an influence on each other if they have elements in the current or target state in common. Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Changes between States in EA models (New types of elements are not considered as changes in my work) In general every successor model differs from the predecessor model in created and deleted elements, relationships and attributes Change (Update) of an element can be seen as a create (S-new) and delete (S-old) Relationships pose a special challenge for planning as they may indicate dependencies RQ 3: How can the differences of relationships between elements in the current and target state be derived to support the roadmap generation? Interaction is only possible if the changes can be anticipated by a tool RQ4: How can the changes (actions) in enterprise architecture be formalized? Transition States (Plateaus) as the planned stops on the way to the target Best Practices for changes Reference Scenarios (Engels et al.: Quasar Enterprise, p. 291) Certain type of components should be migrated first Certain services should be realized first RQ5: Can reference scenarios be formalized to allow the suggestion of intermediate steps and states? Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Last but not least Connect the artifacts that are to be developed with existing solutions RQ6: How can the stakeholders interactively develop a roadmap with a planning component? The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Architecture Development Method (ADM) The Open Group Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Interaction of the Proposed Solution Detailing the Target State and Setting Successor Relationships Creating detailed Plans Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A Creating the Roadmap

Planning Component in Context Models of current and target state based on Web Ontology Language (OWL 2) from World Wide Web Consortium Actions: Detailling Sequencing Debugging Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Detailing the Target Input: Coarse model of the target state, e.g. a Business Support Map of the Application Landscape with target processes and target organization units Abstract actions for detailing the target: Create new application component Retain one application component Retain several application components Create new application service Retain application service Retain several application services . Result: Transformation Model with successor relationships between elements of the current and target state Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Excerpts of dependent changes Excerpt 1 Develop Application Component Develop Service Change Dependencies Shutdown Service Shutdown Application Component detailed Target State Excerpt 1 Excerpt 2 Excerpt 3 Excerpt n detailed Current State Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A Each excerpt is planned in detail An Excerpt consists of at least one dependent change

Creating Detailed Plans From an initial to a goal state Current Target Excerpt 1 Initial Action x Excerpt 2 The initial state is a combination of the current and target state connected through the transformation model and all relationships from the current state The goal state is a combination of the current and target state connected through the transformation model and all relationships from the current state Initial Sequencing action Goal Goal Action repository Interaction: EA Planner may decide to automatically create a plan or select applicable actions in interaction until goal state is reached. Results: Refined TM and plans for each excerpt showing the sequence of actions Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Creating the Roadmap If all constraints posed by the EA Planner can be satisfied the planning component can schedule a roadmap with the information gathered from the creation of the detailed plans. If the constraints allow a solution can be computed automatically Support for conflict resolution The planning component has to take the durations of the activities and the resources into account. Furthermore, if any additional temporal constraints have been posed by the EA Planner during the Creating Detailed Plans phase the planning component has to take them also into account. An optimization of the roadmap taking further needs of the EA Planner into account is favourable. For example, the planning component can schedule the shortest roadmap, regarding the timespan and considering resource constraints, or taking urgency and importance of changes into account. Result: Roadmap Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

State of the thesis My Ph D Roadmap Future plans Conducted Literature Review in EA Planning and knowledge-based planning Identififed problems and motivated the topic Defined the objectives of my solution Q1 2012 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A Designed artifacts for RQ 3 & RQ 4 Q2 2013 Q4 2014

Research Question 3 Gap Analysis in EA using Semantic Web Technologies Modelling with Protégé (Ontology Editor of the University of Standford) OWLDiff performs the Gap Analysis on the models (OWLDiff: A Practical Tool for Comparison and Merge of OWL Ontologies at 22nd International Workshop on Database 2011) onlyCurrentState: all elements, relationships and attributes that only exist in the current state onlyTargetState: all elements, relationships and attributes that only exist in the target state Successor relationships between applications can be set automatically according to Business Support Map Suggestions for detailed target state are to reuse existing services which provide the same information object Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Research Question 4 Using GROOVE to create detailed plans GROOVE is a graph transformation tool from the University of Twente developed under the lead of Prof. Dr. Arend Rensink GROOVE can be used for AI planning purposes Initial Several sequencing actions have been modelled in Groove: Develop Application Component Develop Service Change Dependencies Shutdown Application Component Shutdown Service Goal GROOVE can tell if there exsits a plan to get from the initial to a target state From an EA Viewpoint what sequence of changes my current state to the target state GROOVE allows user interaction User can interactively select concrete actions and gets the actions that are applicable in the new state Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Future Plans 1/2 Design and Development Activities Near term: Finish the method and model for the action repository for sequencing actions (RQ 4) Finish the method and model for the action repository for debugging actions (RQ4) Mid term: Create the method and model for the action repository for detailing actions (RQ4) Identify the possibilities to integrate reference scenarios into the action repository (RQ 5) Extension of the transformation model to consider further temporal constraints (RQ 1) Extension of the transformation model to consider resources and time in roadmaps (RQ 2) Long term: Method artifact to extend an existing EA process to allow the usage of the developed artifacts in combination with TOGAF ADM (RQ 6) Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Future Plans 2/2 Demonstration and Evaluation Activities Case Studies with industry partners One automotive, one banking and one multi-industry enterprise First round of Interviews was already conducted in 2012 Highly diverse Architecture Models & Methods and different Maturities of the EA management approach (initial, consolidated and mature) But all have a focus on the applications in context with the business and technology Applicability of the planning component and developed models & methods will be evaluated Effectiveness and efficiency will be observed by providing hands-on experiences and conducting interviews for open issues and unsatisfactory results Furthermore: Communication of the results Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Q&A ? Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A ? ?

Hintergrundbild durch Klicken auf Symbol bearbeiten Thank you very much for your feedback and attention! Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Hintergrundbild durch Klicken auf Symbol bearbeiten Backup . Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Aier and Gleichauf 2010 Application of Enterprise Models for Engineering Enterprise Transformation P. 62 table 1 “Based on the relationships within the to-be model, general segments of model elements can be derived (A2).” p. 63-64 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Aier and Gleichauf 2010 Application of Enterprise Models for Engineering Enterprise Transformation Each model can be for example an application landscape Figure 6, p. 67 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Extended EA Planning Process Proposal - Aier at al. 2009 Complexity Levels of Representing Dynamics in EA Planning in Albani, Barjis et al. (Ed.) 2009 – Advances in Enterprise Engineering III p. 67 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Aier at al. 2009 Complexity Levels of Representing Dynamics in EA Planning in Albani, Barjis et al. (Ed.) 2009 – Advances in Enterprise Engineering III p. 65 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Gleichauf 2011 Ph D Thesis Planung der Unternehmensarchitektur p. 31 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Gleichauf 2011 Ph D Thesis Planung der Unternehmensarchitektur p. 6 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Gringel and Postina I-Pattern for Gap Analysis in Engels, Luckey et al. (Hg.) 2010 – Software engineering 2010 Overview of current and ideal landscape Action list to remove structural differences between ideal and current landscape Selected actions result in target landscape Metrics on the current and target landscape are provided Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Postina 2012 Evolutionsmanagement prozess- und serviceorientierter Unternehmensarchitekturen – Ph D Thesis Evolutionsschritt typ 0.* 1 Fragestellung Evolutionsschritt 1 1 2 1.* 1.* Entität 0.* Referenz 1 Viewpoint 0.* Datenquelle Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A Stakeholder 1 Visualisierung

Pulkkinnen 2006 Systemic Management of Architectural Decisions in Enterprise Architecture Planning. Four Dimensions and Three Abstraction Levels in Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06) Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Rouse 2005 Theory of Enterprise Transformation Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Rouse 2005 Context of enterprise transformation Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Saat 2010 Zeitbezogene Abhängigkeitsanalysen der Unternehmensarchitektur in Schumann (Hg.) 2010 – Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik 2010 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Sousa et al. Blueprint Management System An Approach for Creating and Managing Enterprise Blueprints: A Case for IT Blueprints in Albani, Barjis et al. (Ed.) 2009 – Advances in Enterprise Engineering III Enterprise E modeled as a graph G of artifacts and their relationships A set of artifacts R set of relationships G t(A,R) is a Graph at a certain point in time G0 bis Gn ist die sequence of states over time (time bar) Project.aliveList is the list of artifacts a project makes alive and Project.deadList is the list of artifacts a project turns from live to „dead“ Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Spewak und Tiemann 2006 Enterprise Architecture Planning Modell (Wedding Cake) newer version of “Developing a blueprint for data, applications, and technology” from 1992 Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Possible Successor relationship bundles In accordance with Aier and Gleichauf Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Reference Scenario – in a nutshell Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Examples from Practice Projects have different types: Process (Re-)Engineering, Proof of Concept functional and/or IT-related, IT Consolidation, inter-organizational workflows, IT integration Certain types of projects are likely to trigger certain types of projects E.g. Process Engineering Process triggers IT integration Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A

Cyclic Dependencies in successor relationships Successor (ManyToOne) If only the successor relationships on the applications were considered (blocks) F could be built before G G A A - G AND S1 - S3 AND E - F form an cyclic dependency Successor (ManyToOne) B C S3 S1 uses uses S2 D provides provides noSuccessor E Successor (OneToOne) Motivation Proposed Solution State of the thesis Future Plans Q & A F