  CHAPTER 6 Understanding the CME Dial-Plan

CHAPTER 6 Understanding the CME Dial-Plan

Analog Voice Port Configuration: Foreign Exchange Station Ports (FXS): Used to connect analog devices such as analog phones, fax machines or modems to the router. Foreign Exchange Office Ports (FXO): Used to connect to the PSTN central office (CO) or a Private Branch Exchange (PBX) Use the Router#show voice port summary

Analog Voice Port Configuration: Configure FXS: Signaling Caller ID information Call progress tone

Analog Voice Port Configuration: Configure FXO: Dial-type Ring number (rings before answering)

Digital Voice Port Configuration: T1 or E1 Voice and WAN Interface Cards (VWIC) Must be configured before using (unlike FXO or FXS) Can use Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) Can also use Common Channel Signaling (CCS) Router(config)#controller t1 1/0 Router(config-controller)#framing esf Router(config-controller)#clock source line NOTE: Better to use line clocking provided from PSTN or provider Router(config-controller)#ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type fxo-loop-start

Digital Voice Port Configuration: Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Uses Chanel Associated Signaling (CAS) Router(config)#isdn switch-type primary-5ess Router(config)#controller t1 1/0 Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 1-24 Router(config-controller)#show voice port summary

Configuring Dial Peers: POTS dial peer: Used to define voice reachability information for any traditional (analog) connection VoIP dial peer: Used to define any voice connection available through IP addressing

Call Legs: Any voice connection too or from a voice port or connection or voice device Call Leg 1: The incoming POTS call leg from x1101 on CME A Call Leg 2: The outgoing VoIP call leg from CME A to ROUTER B Call Leg 3: The incoming VoIP call leg on ROUTER B from CME A Call Leg 4: The outgoing POTS call leg to x2510 from ROUTER B

Configuring POTS Dial Peers for FXS Ports: CME A(config)#dial-peer voice 1101 pots CME A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1101 CME A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/0 CME A(config-dial-peer)#exit CME A(config)#dial-peer voice 1102 pots CME A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1102 CME A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/1

Configuring Dial Peers: Router#show dial-peer voice summary

Configuring POTS Dial Peer for T1: Router B(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 pots Router B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2 Router B(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Router B(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:23

Configuring VoIP Dial Peer: CME A(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 voip CME A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2 CME A(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 CME A(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw If the configured codec does not match the opposite end then the call will fail. The default codec is G.729 Router B(config)#dial-peer voice 1000 voip Router B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1 Router B(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 Router B(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw

Using Dial-Peer Wildcards: Period (.): Will match any digit Plus( ): matches one or more instances of the preceding digits Brackets ([]): Matches a range of digits T: matches any dialed number from 0-32 digits Carrot ( ): Does not match Comma (,): Inserts a one-second pause between dialed digits Example: 555[1-3] Matches: 5551 , 5552 , 5553 (Where is any three digits) 5 23 Matches 5523, 55523, 55523 [14-6]555 Matches 1555, 4555, 5555, 6555 55[59]12 Matches 55512, 55912 [ 1-7].[135] Matches 8.1, 8.3, 8.5, 9.1, 9.3, 9.5 (Where is any two digits)

Digit Manipulation:

Digit Manipulation Problem:

Digit Manipulation Problem Answer:

North American Dial Plan: [2-9] [2-9].[2-9] 1[2-9].[2-9] [469]11 011T Used for 7-digit dialing Used for 10-digit dialing Used for 11-digit dialing Used for service numbers Used for international dialing

North American Dial Plan: Router(config)#dial-peer voice 90 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description Service Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[469]11 Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 91 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description 10-Digit Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[2-9].[2-9] Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 10 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 92 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description 11-Digit Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 91[2-9].[2-9] Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 11 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 93 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description International Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9011T Router(config-dial-peer)#prefix 011 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1

Private Line Automatic Ringdown (PLAR): Router(config)#voice-port 2/0/0 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500 Router(config-voiceport)#voice-port 2/0/1 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500

Call Processing: Most specific pattern wins Once a match is found the call is processed Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3] Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551 Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 2 will be used because it is a more specific match

Call Processing: Most specific pattern wins Once a match is found the call is processed Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3] Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551 Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 3 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551 Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.3 If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 3 will be used because it is a more specific match. Router will drop the last three digits and only route the 5551 (Useful for emergency calls)

Matching Inbound and Outbound Dial Peers: 1. Match the dialed number (DNIS) using the incoming called number dial peer 2. Match the called ID information (ANI) using the answer-address dial-peer configuration 3. Match the caller ID information (ANI) using the destination-pattern dial-peer configuration 4. Match an incoming POTS dial peer by using the port dial-peer configuration 5. If no match has been found using the previous four methods, use dial peer 0

Call Leg 1: 1.(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer 2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on CME A 3.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration on CME A 4.(Match) x1101 comes in FXS port 1/0/0 which matches an incoming POTS dial peer on CME A by using the port dial peer configuration command

Call Leg 3: 1.(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer on ROUTER B 2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER B 3.(Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration command for the VoIP dial peer 1101 on ROUTER B

Call Leg 4: 1.(No Match) 2510 The called number does not match an incoming called number 2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER B 3.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration 4.(No Match) x1101 did not come into a POTS interface (FXS, FXO, E&M, Voice BRI/T1/E1 digital interface that could be matched using the port command. It came via VoIP 5.(Match) Because ROUTER B could not find a match it will use dial peer 0

Dial Peer 0: Default Dial Peer Uses any voice codec (Not hard coded) No DTMF relay: DTMF relay sends dial tones outside of the audio stream IP Precedence 0: Strips all QoS markings. Calls will now be sent as if they were normal data Voice Activity Detection (VAD) enabled: Allows bandwidth savings by not transmitting dead time No Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) support: The router will not reserve end-to-end bandwidth Fax-rate voice: The router will limit fax bandwidth to that of the VoIP codec. Can devastate fax calls No application support: calls cannot be referred to outside applications No Direct Inward Dial (DID) support: Cannot use the DID feature to forward calls to an internal device from an PSTN source

Digit Manipulation: prefix digits: Allows for digits to be added to be specified forward-digits number: Allows for the number of digits that will be forwarded [no] digit-strip: Enables (default) or disables digit stripping num-exp: Transforms any number dialed that matches pattern. Example: num-exp 4 5 Call 4321 converted to 5321 Example: num-exp 0 5000 Call 0 converted to 5000 voice translation profile: Allows a translation profile of up to 15 rules to be transform the number

POTS Failover: If the VoIP network fails, the phone system should automatically switch to the POTS system

POTS Failover Configuration: Arizona(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip Arizona(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 6 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 0 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Arizona(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 6 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 1 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Arizona(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1512555 Texas(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip Texas(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5 Texas(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 0 Texas(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Texas(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 5 Texas(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Texas(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1480555

Using num-exp to Transform numbers: Router(config)#voice-port 1/0/1 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 0 Router(config-voiceport)#exit Router(config)#num-exp 0 5000 Connects any dialed 0, to the receptionist within the company at extension 5000

POTS Lines for Emergency Calls: Remote RTR(config)#dial-peer voice 10 pots Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 911 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit strip Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 12 pots Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 911 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 13 pots Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1 Remote RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3

POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:

Translation Rule: Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number Associate the rules to a profile Associate the profile to a dial peer Format: rule 1 /match/ /set/ Router(config)#voice translation-rule 1 Router(config-translation-rule)#rule 1 /6/ /5/ Match the number “6” and replace with a “5”

Translation Profile: Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number Associate the rules to a profile Associate the profile to a dial peer Router(config)#voice translation-profile CHANGE DID Router(config-translation-profile)#translate called 1 Router(config-translation-profile)#dial-peer voice 100 pots Router(config)#dial-peer voice 100 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#translation-profile incoming CHANGE DID

Translation Profile:

Translation Order: Applied 1st num-exp Applied 2nd Automatic digit strip (POTS dial peers) Applied 3rd Voice translation profiles Applied 4th Prefix digits Applied 5th forward-digits

Class of Restriction (COR): Prevent employees from making international calls but allow management Block high cost numbers such as 1-900 Prevent certain internal phones from reaching executive office numbers

Class of Restriction (COR): Defining COR List Tags Router(config)#dial-peer cor custom Router(config-dp-cor)#name 911 Router(config-dp-cor)#name LOCAL Router(config-dp-cor)#name LD Create Outgoing COR List Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list LOCAL-CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list LD-CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR): Defining Incoming COR Lists Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-ONLY Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCAL-LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR): Assigning Outbound and Inbound COR Lists Router(config)#dial-peer voice 10 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing 911-CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LOCAL-CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer voice 12 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LD-CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 1 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-ONLY Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 2 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCAL Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 3 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCAL-LD Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR): Rules: If there is no outgoing COR list applied then the call is always routed If there is no incoming COR list applied then the call is always routed

Quality of Service (QoS): Lack of bandwidth Delay Fixed delay Variable delay Jitter (delay variations) Packet loss Requirements for VoIP and Video End-to-end delay: 150 mSec or less Jitter: 30mSec or less Packet loss: 1% or less Requirements for Data Mission-critical applications Transactional applications Best-effort applications Scavenger applications

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms: Best Effort: Default method used in every network. No QoS mechanism is used. Integrated Services (IntServ): Works through a system of reservations reserving bandwidth for applications through the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). Provides guaranteed bandwidth. Not scalable Differentiated Services (DiffServ): Most popular as it classifies traffic and places the traffic into cues with “almost guaranteed” bandwidth. Most used method.

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms: Classification and Marking Congestion Management Congestion Avoidance Policing and Shaping Link Efficiency Payload Compression Header Compression Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms: Queuing Algorithms Weighted Fair Queuing (WQF); Balance bandwidth among all. Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ): Sets classes and assigns bandwidth Low Latency Queuing (LLQ): Adds priority to CBWFQ

Cisco AutoQoS: Automated system by Cisco Easy to implement Reduces the time of deployment Provides configuration consistency Reduces deployment cost Allows for manual tuning First establish a “Trust Boundary” AutoQoS uses Cisco Discovery protocol (CDP) so do not disable on connections that need it!

Cisco AutoQoS Example: Serial links must have the bandwidth command configured!

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example: Voice Switch(config)#interface fa0/3 Voice Switchr(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example: Router(config)#interface fa0/1 Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration: Voice Switch(config)#interface fa0/3 Voice Switch(config-if)#description Cisco Phone Voice Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone Voice Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/1 Voice Switch(config-if)#description Switch Router Uplink Voice Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip trust Router(config)#interface fa0/0 Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration: auto qos voip: Enable AutoQoS without trusting any markings. Router will remark all traffic types auto qos voip trust: Enable AotoQoS trusting any existing markings auto qos voip cisco-phone: Switch only! Enables AotoQoS and will trust any existing markings only if CDP detects a Cisco phone attached auto qos voip cisco-softphone: Switch only! Enables AutoQoS and will trust any existing markings if CDP detects a Cisco Softphone (IP Communicator) New version of AutoQoS is auto discovery! Auto discovery allows the router to monitor the traffic for an indefinite period and record traffic patterns and generate a QoS policy that can be applied

End of Chapter 6