BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

WASTES Wastes Solid waste Liquid Waste Gaseous Waste Household waste Industrial waste Biomedical waste or hospital waste

What is Bio-medical waste ? Definition Waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)

WHO estimates 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous 10% is infectious 5% is non-infectious.

WHO has estimated that In year 2014 injections with contaminated syringes caused: 21 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections (32% of all new infections); Two million hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (40% of all new infections); 260 000 HIV infections (5% of all new)

WHO IS AT RISK? Public Patients & attenders Medical & Paramedical staff Sanitation workers 03/25/2024 Biomedical Waste (BMW) Management 8

Need of BMW Management in Hospitals?

Let the waste of the “sick” not contaminate the lives of“The Healthy”

Hazardous health care waste can result in 1. Infection 2.Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity 3. Chemical toxicity 4.Radioactivity hazards. 5.Physical injuries 6.Public sensitivity.

Infection The infectious agents enter into the body through Puncture Abrasion Cut in the skin Through mucous membranes By inhalation and ingestion.

Most Common Infections 1. Gastro enteric through faeces and/or vomit e.g. Salmonella, Vibrio Cholera, Helminthes Hepatitis A 2. Respiratory through inhaled secretions e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Measles virus; Streptococcus pneumoniae 3.Ocular infections through eye secretions e.g. Herpes virus,

Most Common Infection Cont. 6. Blood borne diseases AIDS Septicaemia and bacteraemia Viral Hepatitis B & C 7. Hemorrhagic fevers through body fluids Lassa, Ebola and Marburg viruses

Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Irritant to skin and eyes E.g. alkylating agent, intercalating agent Carcinogenic and Mutagenic e.g. Secondary neoplasia due to chemotherapy

Chemical Toxicity Many drugs are hazardous May cause intoxication , burns, poisoning on exposure

Radioactivity Hazards Radioactive waste exposure may cause headache, dizziness, vomiting, genotoxicity and tissue damage Visual impact of the anatomical waste, recognizable body parts

Physical injuries Sharps Chemicals Explosive agents

Waste with high content of heavy metals Blood pressure guages 19

Aerosol PRESSURISE D CONTAINERS Gas cartridges Gas cylinders 20

Waste Sharps eg: Needles Discarded medicines Human anatomical waste Solid waste eg: cotton swabs

PENALTIES FOR IMPROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT AS PER RULES The PENALTIES are as specified in Environment (Protection) Act 1986. Imprisonment for upto five years with fine upto one lakh rupees, or both. In case the failure additional fine upto five thousand rupees for every day.

Bio-Medical Waste Flow Chart Generator (HOSPITALS) In House Segregation (Collection, Segregation Packing in Color Coded Poly Bags) Common Storage Point At Hospitals Transportation Waste Water to ETP (Approved Special Vehicle) Unloading and Temp Storage at CBWTF Re Use Disposal ( Recycling & Landfill) Treatment (Incineration, Autoclaving and Shredding)

Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule as per WHO Standard WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste (Human tissues, organs, body Category No. 2 Animal Waste parts) (Animal tissues, organs, body parts, carcasses, bleeding parts,) Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste Category No. 3 (Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimen of live micro organisms or attenuated vaccines,) TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OPTION Incineration@ / deep burial* Incineration@ / deep burial* Local autoclaving/ microwaving / incineration@ 24

Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule as per WHO standards Cont . Disinfecting (chemical treatment@@ / autoclaving / Category No. 4 blades, glass, etc. that may cause puncture and microwaving and mutilation / cuts) shredding Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes, scalpels, Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs Incineration@ / destruction and Category No. 5 (Wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines) drugs disposal in secured landfills Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with body Category No. 6 fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster Incineration@ / autoclaving / microwaving casts, lines, bedding and other materials contaminated with blood.) Disinfecting by chemical treatment@@ / autoclaving / Category No. 7 disposable items other than the waste sharps microwaving and mutilation / such as tubing, catheters, intravenous sets, etc.) shredding# # 25 Solid Waste (Waste generated from

Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule as per WHO standards cont . Liquid Waste (Waste generated from the Disinfecting by chemical Category No. 8 laboratory and washing, cleaning, house keeping and disinfecting activities) Category No. 9 treatment@@ and discharge into drains Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration Disposal in municipal landfill of any biomedical waste) Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in Chemical treatment @@ and Category No.10 production of biologicals, chemicals used discharge into drains for liquids and secured landfill for solids. in disinfecting, as insecticides, etc.) 26

HOW TO MANAGE BMW? 1. Survey of waste generated 2. reduction at source . 3. Segregation of hospital waste. 4. Collection & Categorization of waste. 5. Storage of waste. 6. Transportation of waste. 7. Treatment of waste.

1) Survey of waste generated -frequent survey.atleast during every 6 months

2) Source Reduction Source Reduction - ways to lessen the amount of material – Segregation - keeping noninfectious waste out of the infectious waste stream – Minimization - reduce or eliminate waste at the source – Engineering controls - methods to reduce quantity of waste(smaller containers)

LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL WASTE CONTAINERS/BAGS

3) Segregation of waste At the point of generation In a color coded leak-proof container Container should bear 'Biohazard' symbol and appropriate wording Container should never be completely filled

COLOR CODING FOR SEGREGATION OF BMW 1998 COLOR Yellow Red WASTE Human & Animal anatomical waste / Micro-biology waste and soiled cotton/dressings/linen/beddings etc. Tubings, Catheters, IV sets. Blue / White Waste sharps ( Needles, Syringes, Scalpels, blades etc. ) Black Discarded medicines/cytotoxic drugs, Incineration ash, Chemical waste.

PACKAGING & LABELING: Bags 3/4th filled should be tied, Name of the ward Date of Packaging, Destination (Treatment Site) Bio Hazard/Cytotoxic Symbol Weighing & Recording Separate Register and Weighing Machine Daily recording is mandatory

LABEL FOR TRANSPORT OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE CONTAINERS/BAGS Date of generation . Waste category No . Waste class Waste description . Sender's Name & Address . Contact Person . Receiver's Name & Address Contact Person . In case of emergency please contact, Name & address . Label shall be non-washable and prominently visible.

5) Transportation, storage (within the hospital) The waste in bags or containers should be stored in a separate area, room, or building of a size appropriate to the quantities of waste produced and the frequency of collection. Health care waste should be transported within the hospital or other facility by means of hand cart wheeled trolley .

TRANSPORTATION Transportation of BMW can be divided into internal and external transportation. INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white bags. EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected in the black coloured plastic bags.

Safe Transportation REGISTERED, AUTHORIZED, BMW TRANSPORTERS G.J lav multic e

DISPOSAL METHODS OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTES Incineration Chemical disinfection Autoclave Microwave Shredder Deep burial

ANNUAL REPORT To be submitted to the prescribed authority by 31 January every year Name of the occupier with Address Categories of waste generated and Quantity [monthly average] basis: Name of treatment facility with Address Category-wise quantity of waste treated Mode of treatment with details: Any other information

STAFF SAFETY Proper training Personal protective clothing and equipment Immunization Post-exposure prophylaxis Medical surveillance Personal hygiene

Responsibility Infection control is everyone's business. You are not only protecting yourself, but also those around you

Our’s is a Beautiful Planet Let us save together Lets Make This World A Better Place to Live in.

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