BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY What influences employee behavior and how can

BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY What influences employee behavior and how can you change that behavior to prevent accidents and illness. By the way, everything you learn in this session can be used to influence employee behavior in other ways as well. Presented by: Harry Cheff, CSRM and Annette Satterly, MS, CIC, CRM, CIC

Session Objectives Understand how safety behavior is shaped Analyze employee behavior Pinpoint, observe, and measure specific behaviors Provide positive feedback Use positive reinforcement successfully to improve safety performance

What You Need to Know ABC Analysis › Antecedents, Behavior, Consequences Types of consequences How to strengthen consequences Pinpointing, observation and measurement Feedback and goal setting Types of positive reinforcement Reinforcement mistakes

Why Employees Engage in At-Risk Behaviors Jobs get done faster Perception that risk is low “Nothing is going to happen to me” attitude At-risk behavior is reinforced Lack of awareness that behavior is risky

ABC Model Antecedent Behavior Consequences

Antecedents Prompt people to act Precede the behavior Communicate information Work best with consequences Work only in short term if no consequences

Consequences Stronger than antecedents “Consequences” has negative connotation Positive consequences change behavior Consequences strengthen or weaken behavior Four categories of consequences › › › › Punishment Extinction Negative Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement

Punishment Getting what you don’t want Criticism, injury, written warning Stops unwanted behavior

Extinction Is not getting what you want Is no recognition, no acknowledgement Often decreases wanted or safe behavior Can cause safe performers to slip

Negative Reinforcement Not getting what you don’t want Avoiding criticism, unpleasant tasks, or accidents Performing desired behavior to avoid punishment Performing desired behavior only when boss is watching

Positive Reinforcement Getting what you want Acknowledgement, recognition, better work assignments Maintains or increases desired behavior Gives discretionary effort (more than asked) Behavior occurs more frequently

Examine the Behavior Results of the consequences How employee receives it Behavior increasing Behavior decreasing

Strength of Consequences Type – positive or negative When – immediate or future Probability – certain or uncertain

Powerful Consequences Most powerful – both immediate and certain Moderately powerful – either immediate or certain Least powerful – both future and uncertain

ABC Analysis Describe the behavior List all antecedents and consequences and describe strength of consequence Determine which consequences are motivating behavior Solution to problem behavior – make weak consequences strong

Behavioral Safety Basic Do you understand the information presented in the previous slides?

Pinpointing Behavior Measurable Observable Reliable Controllable

Behavior Observation Observation checklist Spot check behaviors If safe behavior, mark “safe” In unsafe behavior, mark “unsafe” Turn card in Observations Feedback Safe Unsafe Positive Corrective Pinpoint 1 xxx xx xxx x Pinpoint 2 x xxx x xxx Pinpoint 3 xxx x xxx x Comments

Measurement Records observations and analyzes Uses objective measurement Measures safety process, not just results Gives feedback to employees and capture small improvements Is specific about performance and becomes positive reinforcement

Positive Verbal Feedback Be specific Be sincere Deliver immediately Be personal Don’t use “but” or “however” Way to go!

Corrective Verbal Feedback Don’t ignore unsafe behavior Acknowledge small improvements Be objective Be specific Use a questioning approach Use a 4:1 ration

Graphic Feedback Past performance or baseline Current goals Presented and discussed frequently

Goal Setting Short-term and achievable Employee input More opportunities for positive reinforcement

Types of Positive Reinforcement Social reinforcement Written Verbal Physical Smile Humor Time or attention Just say “Thank you”

Types of Positive Reinforcement Tangible reinforcement Food Gifts Certificates Privileges Money

Using Tangibles Anchor the memory Be spontaneous Discuss behavior Different tangibles Avoid high-value tangibles Do not overuse tangibles

Reinforcement Do you understand the information presented in the previous slides?

Reinforcement Mistakes Too much positive reinforcement Expecting behavior to change too soon Reinforcement before behavior Giving unearned positive reinforcement

Key Points to Remember Learn how to use consequences effectively Analyze safety behavior with the ABC model Pinpoint behaviors and make observations Study collected data to measure results objectively Give positive feedback for safe performance and corrective feedback for unsafe behavior