A Power-Aware Cloud Architecture with Smart Metering Che-Yuan Tu,

A Power-Aware Cloud Architecture with Smart Metering Che-Yuan Tu, Wen-Chieh Kuo, Wei-Hua Teng , Yao-Tsung Wang, Steven Shiau Software Technology Division National Center for High-Performance Computing

Outline ClassCloud – Cloud in PC Classrooms Smart Metering System Experiment Design & Discussion Conclusion Q&A

The ClassCloud Project

What is ClassCloud ? ClassCloud helps to easily build economical Cloud infrastructure in PC classrooms !

The Cloud Architecture in the PC Classrooms

The software stack DRBL (TFTPd, NISd DHCPd, NFSd) Ganglia PMtools Monitor cpufreqd/xenpm Xen tools User Space Kernel Modules Xen patched Kernel Xen Hypervisor Kernel Space

The DRBL Architecture initrd initrd IP 1 vmlinuz vmlinuz1 Config. pxelinux pxelinux PXE PXE IP IP 11 NFS NFS initrd initrd IP 2 vmlinuz vmlinuz2 Config. pxelinux pxelinux PXE PXE IP IP 22 TFTPD TFTPD Config. Config. Files Files Ex. Ex. hostname hostname initrd-pxe initrd-pxe vmlinuz-pxe vmlinuz-pxe pxelinux pxelinux initrd initrd IP 3 vmlinuz vmlinuz3 Config. pxelinux pxelinux PXE PXE IP IP 33 DHCPD DHCPD initrd initrd IP 4 vmlinuz vmlinuz4 Config. pxelinux pxelinux PXE PXE IP IP 44 SSHD NIS SSHD NIS GNU GNU Libc Libc Kernel Kernel Module Module Linux Linux Kernel Kernel Boot Boot Loader Loader YP YP

Smart Metering System

What is Arduino ? It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Reference: http://arduino.cc/

Arduino is a platform Multiple physical Input / Output board (I/Os) with a programmable Integrated Circuit (IC). Reference: http://arduino.cc/

Why Arduino ? Elasticity Extensibility Multiple transmission protocol Lots of sensors and actuators support It can work with both Digital and Analogue electronic signals. Lots of electrical components and modules support Multiple I/O support Cost It’s cheap!

The Smart Metering System Circuit Breaker USB RS-232 Cloud Server Power supply GND AD Current Transducer 50A / 0 5V DC Smart Metering System

Calculation Model The first step is to transform the measured AC current into DC voltage via the current transducer, so it converts measured AC current at the range from 0 to 50(A) into DC voltage ranged from 0 to 5(V) proportionally. I ACIn V : DC voltage output from Current Transducer VDCOut I : AC current input from power line 10 DCOut ACIn The second transformation step is to convert the value of VDCOut at the range from 0 to 5(V) from analog into digital within the ranges from 0 to 1023. 1024 VAD VDCOut 5 VAD:The Transformed value from Arduino ADC

Calculation Model cont. The third step is to convert the value of VAD back into the IACIn. I : AC current input from power line 50 I ACIn VAD VAD:The Transformed value from Arduino 1024 ADC ACIn Full equation. 5 50 Current ( A) Value Arduino 1024 5 ValueArduino:Output value from Arduino

Experiment Design & Discussion

Experiment Architecture Power supply Circuit Breaker Current Transducer 1 Smart Metering System Arduino board Current Transducers 1 Cloud server 15 Diskless physical clients Cloud Server Network Switch Diskless Clients Cloud Testbed Smart Meter

Experiment Cases 2 computer animated films – Open source project Big Buck Bunny Elephant Dream 3 CPU Frequencies(1.6, 2.4 & Dynamic) 8 throttling levels (T0 T7) Open source tools: cpufreqd, FFmpeg

Experiment Conclusion #1 Diskless PMtools

Experiment Conclusion #2 Diskless PMtools

Some pictures

Conclusion (DRBL PMtools RAM disk) help to save 4% to 11% energy consumption from CPU intensiveapplication (video transcoding). The Arduino platform is a good choice for customizing your own smart metering device. This Cloud architecture and smart metering system are suitable power saving solution for computing centers or PC Classrooms.

Questions ?