29 CFR 1926.1050 Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training

29 CFR 1926.1050 Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety Subpart X (PATHS) Stairways and Ladders PPT-096-01 1

Topics Scope of 29 CFR 1926.1050 The Hazard Stair Components Doors and Stairs Stairrails and Handrails Ladder Types Climbing Angle Ladder Precautions Ladder Safety and Safety Devices PPT-096-01 2

1926.1050 Scope Applies to all stairways and ladders used in construction, alteration repair (including painting and decorating), and demolition workplaces. Sets forth, in specified circumstances, when ladders and stairways are required to be provided. PPT-096-01 3

The Hazard 50% of injuries associated with stairway and ladders result in lost work PPT-096-01 4

Ladder Accidents (US) Accepted claims by sector, year of injury and accident type (fall from ladder) 2001-2010 Industry Sector All claims Serious injuries % of serious injuries Construction (Sector 72) 3749 2094 55.8 % Service (Sector 76) 2114 1057 50.0 % Trade (Sector 74) 1347 579 42.9 % Manufacturing (Sector 71) 1230 552 44.8 % Primary Resources (Sector 70) 428 267 62.3 % Transportation and Warehousing (Sector 354 185 52.2 % Public Sector 181 80 44.1 % TOTAL – All sectors 9403 4814 51.1 % PPT-096-01 5

Ladder Accidents (US) More than 90,000 people receive emergency room treatment from ladder-related injuries every year Elevated falls account for almost 700 occupational deaths annually These deaths account for 15% of all occupational deaths OSHA believes 100% of all ladder accidents could be prevented if proper attention to equipment and climber training were provided Over the last 10 years the amount of ladder-related injuries has increased 50% According the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 50% of all ladderrelated accidents were due to individuals carrying items as they climbed The most common type of ladder-related injury, with 32%, is fractures PPT-096-01 6

Ladder Accidents (US) REASONS FOR LADDER ACCIDENTS: Selecting the Wrong Type of Ladder Using Worn or Damaged Ladders Incorrect Use of Ladders Incorrect Placement of Ladders PPT-096-01 7

Stairways 29 CFR 1926.1052 Stair components PPT-096-01 8

Stairways There must be a stairway or ladder at points of access where there is an elevation break of 19 inches or more. PPT-096-01 9

Stairways Employees shall not use spiral stairways that will not be a permanent part of structure on which construction work is being performed. PPT-096-01 10

Stairways Provide at least 2 ladders (or doublecleated) when ladders are the only means of access and 25 or more employees One point of access kept clear If access blocked second access provided PPT-096-01 11

Fall Protection Must protect workers from falls prior to installation of stair & ladder systems PPT-096-01 12

Landings Landings on temporary stairs must be at least 30 inches long and 22 inches wide for every 12 feet of vertical travel PPT-096-01 13

Uniform Riser Height Stairs installed between 30º and 50 º from horizontal Must have uniform riser height and tread depth, with less than a 1/4-inch variation PPT-096-01 14

Doors and Stairs When doors open toward stairs must have platform with at least 20 clear inches beyond swing of door PPT-096-01 15

Stairway Condition Fix slippery conditions before using. All parts of stairways free of hazardous projections such as nails. PPT-096-01 16

Metal Pan Stairs Metal pan type stairs secured before filling No access on pan stairs unless filled to top of pan No access on skeleton stairs unless full treads and landings PPT-096-01 17

Metal Pan Stairs 1052b)1) Pan tread/stairs/landings shall be filled with wood or other solid material. Replaced when worn below top edge of pan. Temporary service. PPT-096-01 18

Stairrails and Handrails When toprail of stairrail is also the handrail, it must be between 36 and 37 inches high measured from the front of the stair tread PPT-096-01 19

Height of Stairrails PPT-096-01 20

Stair rail Requirements Four or more risers, at least one handrail One stair rail system along unprotected sides or edge(s) PPT-096-01 21

Midrails Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent provided between the top rail of the stairrail system and the stairway steps. PPT-096-01 22

Midrails If using midrails, install halfway between stair & toprail If mesh, extend along entire opening If balusters, every 19" or less PPT-096-01 23

Handrails o Handrails 200 pounds strong o Applied within two inches o Any downward or outward direction PPT-096-01 24

Stairrails and Handrails Smooth surface required for stairrails & handrails & handholds adequate to avoid falling Endrails, no projection hazard PPT-096-01 25

Handrails and Guardrails 3" clearance minimum on handrails from walls and other objects Guardrails provided on open side of landings PPT-096-01 26

Rails Rails must be adequate as a handhold PPT-096-01 27

Stairway Landings Stairway landings must be guarded. PPT-096-01 28

Ladders 29 CFR 1926.1053 PPT-096-01 29

Self-Supporting Ladders Include stepladders and have 1 or 2 extra legs attached for support. Do not require a structure to provide support. PPT-096-01 30

Self-Supporting Ladders Self supporting portable ladders four times maximum intended load Load applied in the downward direction PPT-096-01 31

Portable Ladders Portable ladders not self supporting shall be able to support at least four times the intended load applied downward at 75 1/2º from horizontal 4X 75 1/2º PPT-096-01 32

Fixed Ladders Fixed ladders, at least two 250 lb loads between any two consecutive attachments Plus loads from ice, wind, rigging and impact loads from ladder safety device 250 lb strong on any rung applied in the middle PPT-096-01 33

Rung Spacing Rungs spaced between 10 and 14 inches Portable ladders side rails at least 11 1/2 inches apart Fixed ladder side rails at least 16 inches apart 10 to 14 inches PPT-096-01 34

Rungs and Steps Rungs and steps of fixed metal ladders & portable metal ladders must be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material PPT-096-01 35

Never Splice Ladders! Ladders never tied or fastened together (spliced) to provide longer sections unless they are specifically designed for such use. PPT-096-01 36

Spreaders and Locks Metal spreader or locking device on each stepladder to hold the front and back sections in an open position when the ladder is being used. PPT-096-01 37

Using Separate Ladders Except when portable ladders are used to gain access to fixed ladders (such as those on utility towers, billboards, and other structures where the bottom of the fixed ladder is elevated to limit access), when two or more separate ladders are used to reach an elevated work area, the ladders shall be offset with a platform or landing between the ladders. PPT-096-01 38

Ladder Coatings Ladder components surfaced to prevent injury No opaque coatings on wood ladders PPT-096-01 39

Vertical Fixed Ladders No obstructions within seven inches behind ladder No obstructions within 30 (2’ 6”) inches on climbing side 24 inches on climbing side if deflector is provided Step across distance between 7 & 12 inches PPT-096-01 40

Fixed Ladder without Cage Fixed ladders without cages or wells shall have a clear width to the nearest permanent object of at least 15 inches on each side of the centerline of the ladder. PPT-096-01 41

Fixed Ladder with Cage PPT-096-01 42

Ladder Rails Ladder rails must extend 3 feet above the landing Or secured and grabrail provided Free of oil & grease PPT-096-01 43

Climbing Angle Lean straight ladders at a base angle of 1/4 the working length of the ladder from the top support. PPT-096-01 44

Climbing Angle Out from the base of the wall ¼ the working height of the ladder. Safety requires 3 feet of ladder extended above the roofline. PPT-096-01 45

Climbing Angle Stand with toes touching bottom beams Extend arms until fingertips touch rung This should be the safest climbing angle PPT-096-01 46

Ladder Precautions Ladders placed only on level stable surfaces Must use slip-resistant feet if slippery Never placed in doorways or traffic areas Barricade if necessary Top and bottom of ladder kept clear In good condition PPT-096-01 47

Ladder Siderails Ladders shall have nonconductive siderails if they are used where the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment. PPT-096-01 48

Ladder Safety The top or top step of a stepladder shall not be used as a step. Climbing ladder crossbracing prohibited Ladders must be inspected periodically by a CP PPT-096-01 49

Damaged Ladders Portable or fixed ladders which are damaged must be taken out of service and tagged “DO NOT USE” PPT-096-01 50

Climbing Ladders Must face ladder when climbing or descending Must maintain three points of contact when ascending or descending Cannot carry objects onto ladders which could cause you to fall PPT-096-01 51

Ladder Safety Devices For fixed ladders shall: Be capable of withstanding a drop test of 18 inch drop of a 500 pound weight without failure. PPT-096-01 52

Ladder Safety Devices Shall permit employee using the device to ascend or descend without continually having to hold, push or pull any part, leaving both hands free for climbing. PPT-096-01 53

Ladder Safety Devices Shall be activated within 2 feet after a fall occurs and limit descending velocity to 7 feet/sec or less Connection between carrier or lifeline and point of attachment to the body belt or harness shall not exceed 9 inches in length. PPT-096-01 54

Training Employers must train all employees to recognize hazards related to ladders and stairways, and instruct them to minimize these hazards. Example, employers must ensure that each employee is trained by a competent person in the following areas, as applicable: PPT-096-01 55

Training Nature of fall hazards in the work area; Correct procedures for erecting, maintaining and disassembling the fall protection systems to be used; Proper construction, use, placement and care in handling of all stairways and ladders; and Maximum intended load-carrying capacities of ladders used. PPT-096-01 56

Contact Information Health & Safety Training Specialists 1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324 Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501 (717) 772-1635 [email protected] Like us on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/BWCPATHS PPT-096-01 57

Bibliography Stairways and Ladders: 29 CFR 1926.1050 (General Requirements) Stairways 29 CFR 1926.1052 and hhtp://www2.worksafebc.co/Topics/equipmentsafety/Statistics Ladders: 29 CFR 1926.1053 and hhtp://www2.worksafebc.co/Topics/equipmentsafety/Statistics OSHA Stairways and Ladders, A Guide to OSHA Rules, publication OSHA 3124 PPT-096-01 58

Questions PPT-096-01 59