1 FOOD DEFENSE TRAINING FOOD PROTECTION TASK FORCE & RAPID RESPONSE

1 FOOD DEFENSE TRAINING FOOD PROTECTION TASK FORCE & RAPID RESPONSE TEAM MEETING Brandon Sauceda, MPH RRT Program Manager Georgia Department of Agriculture Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness CARVER Shock CARVER Shock Exercise Exercise

2 Food Security: access to sufficient quantity / quality of nutritious food Food Safety: protection from unintentional contamination Agents likely to occur in food supply Overview Overview Food Defense: protection from intentional contamination Biological, chemical, physical, radiological agents

3 Accidents Disgruntled Employee Terrorism Economically Motivated Adulteration Mother Nature Overview Overview

4 Overview Overview -- “Figure “Figure 2: 2: Confirmed Confirmed malicious malicious contaminations contaminations of of food food around around the the world.” world.” Frederickson, Frederickson, N.R. N.R. (2014). (2014). Chapter Chapter 36: 36: Food Food Security: Security: Biosecurity. Biosecurity. In In Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of of Agriculture Agriculture and and Food Food Systems Systems (Vol. (Vol. 33 pp. pp. 311-323) 311-323)

5 Economically Motivated Adulteration aka “Food Fraud” Definition: “surreptitious addition of non-authentic substances, unwarranted substitution of ingredients, or mislabeling of food products to gain inequitable financial advantage” —Frederickson, N.R. (2014). Chapter 36: Food Security: Biosecurity. In Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems (Vol. 3 pp. 311-323) As opposed to other intentional contamination events (terrorism), EMA is not intended to be discovered As a result, EMA can maintain longevity Fish / Seafood is most often adulterated for economic gain Overview Overview

6 Incidents of Intentional Contamination 1981, Spain Cooking oil adulterated with industrial rapeseed triggered toxic oil syndrome 20,000 illnesses 800 deaths http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fmcg/rapeseed-oil-at-tipping-point-as-it-woos-olive-oil-fans/351716.article http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fmcg/rapeseed-oil-at-tipping-point-as-it-woos-olive-oil-fans/351716.article Overview Overview Incidents Incidents

7 Incidents of Intentional Contamination 1984, Oregon USA Salmonella typhimurium introduced into 10 salad bars by Rajneeshee cult Aiming to influence a local election 751 illnesses https://people.uwec.edu/piercech/bio/Rajneeshee%20Cult.htm https://people.uwec.edu/piercech/bio/Rajneeshee%20Cult.htm Overview Overview Incidents Incidents

8 Incidents of Intentional Contamination 2008-2009, China Melamine illegally added to milk products to falsify protein content 300,000 illnesses 6 deaths http://www.investigativescience.com/CON-290408p1.html http://www.investigativescience.com/CON-290408p1.html Overview Overview Incidents Incidents

9 Incidents of Intentional Contamination October, 2012, New Jersey USA Cheaper ketchup repackaged into bottles for more expensive ketchup None made it to market http://abcnewsradioonline.com/business-news/hundreds-of-fake-heinz-ketchup-bottles-discovered-in-new-jer.html http://abcnewsradioonline.com/business-news/hundreds-of-fake-heinz-ketchup-bottles-discovered-in-new-jer.html Overview Overview Incidents Incidents

10 Incidents of Intentional Contamination October 2013, Japan Malathion added to frozen foods by disgruntled production line employee 2,800 illnesses Major Recall http://www.medicaldaily.com/over-1000-sick-after-eating-contaminated-food-japans-largest-seafoodhttp://www.medicaldaily.com/over-1000-sick-after-eating-contaminated-food-japans-largest-seafoodproducer-266606 producer-266606 Overview Overview Incidents Incidents

11 Designed to improve global food protection and prevent foodborne illness Ratified 2011, rule-making process underway Updated previous policy (1938) to reflect more high-tech and complex food industry Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response

12 Proposed Rules: Focused mitigation strategies to protect food against intentional adulteration (IA) Foreign supplier verification Preventative controls for Human food Animal feed Standards for produce safety Accreditation of 3rd party auditors Sanitary transportation of human and animal food Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response

13 Food Defense Plan Builder Food defense plan – written document recording practices implemented to control and/or minimize the risk of intentional contamination Available through FDA Incorporates: Broad mitigation strategies Vulnerability assessment Focused mitigation strategies Emergency contact network Action plans Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response

14 Food Defense Preparedness System Based on Presidential Policy Directive 8 1. Prevent 2. Protect Comprehensive food defense strategy incorporates all 5 frameworks 3. Mitigate 4. Respond 5. Recover Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness

15 Food Defense Preparedness System Prevention Adversary does not attempt to adulterate food How do we eliminate the opportunity to adulterate? How do we remove the motivation to adulterate? Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness

16 Food Defense Preparedness System Protection Block the adversary’s attempt What needs securing? How do we vigilantly look for anomalies? Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness

17 Food Defense Preparedness System Mitigation Minimize the adverse health and economic effects What can we do to lessen the impact? Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness

18 Food Defense Preparedness System Response Stop the spread of adverse effects, provide care to those affected What response actions are needed? How do we inform / instruct the public? Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness

19 Food Defense Preparedness System Recovery Return to normal commerce, better prepared How do we return to normal? How do we gather lessons learned and adapt? Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness

20 CARVER Shock Risk Assessment tool – vulnerability assessment: Criticality – degree of public health or economic consequence Accessibility – ability of adversary to access / egress point of contamination Recuperability – delay required to bring system back into recovery Vulnerability – potential for successful attack – ability to introduce enough of agent to survive control steps and cause harm to consumer. Effect – direct loss from attack, measured in lost production in food system Recognizability – ease of target identification Shock – combined health, economic, and psychological impacts of attack Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness CARVER Shock CARVER Shock

21 CARVER Shock Threat Vulnerability Gaps in defense RISK Adversary’s resources and capacities Consequence Human & economic impact of attack Facility vs. Supply Chain Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness CARVER Shock CARVER Shock

22 CARVER Shock Exercise Study the flow-map of the Frozen Pizza Plant Consider the following: environment, location, timing, equipment, barriers, worker observation, etc. For each station (#1-#15) score for Vulnerability and for Accessibility There is no wrong answer, use your professional judgment Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness CARVER Shock CARVER Shock Exercise Exercise

23 Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness CARVER Shock CARVER Shock Exercise Exercise

24 References Slides adapted from the National Center for Food Protection and Defense’s “Food Defense Training” slides from the Food Defense Conference (September 17,2014) and Jon Woody / USDA’s “Vulnerability Assessment” slides (same date / location). Overview Overview Incidents Incidents Policy Policy Response Response Preparedness Preparedness CARVER Shock CARVER Shock Exercise Exercise